{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:42:56Z","timestamp":1760985776722,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7-OCEAN-2013-614057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-OCEAN-2013-614057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2012-31145, RTC-2015-3273-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2012-31145, RTC-2015-3273-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the integration of an automated chemical optical sensing unit for the parallel interrogation of 12 BICELLs in a sensing chip. The work was accomplished under the European Project Enviguard (FP7-OCEAN-2013-614057) with the aim of demonstrating an optical nano-biosensing unit for the in-situ detection of various chemical pollutants simultaneously in oceanic waters. In this context, we designed an optical sensing chip based on resonant nanopillars (R-NPs) transducers organized in a layout of twelve biophotonic sensing cells (BICELLs). The sensing chip is interrogated in reflection with a 12-channels optical spectrometer equipped with an embedded computer-on-chip performing image processing for the simultaneous acquisition and analysis (resonant mode fitting) of the 12 spectra. A microfluidic chip and an automated flow control system composed of four pumps and a multi-path micro-valve makes it possible to drive different complex protocols. A rack was designed ad-hoc for the integration of all the modules. As a proof of concept, fluids of different refractive index (RI) were flowed in the system in order to measure the time response (sensogram) of the R-NPs under optical reflectance, and assess the sensors\u2019 bulk sensitivity (285.9 \u00b1 16.4 nm\/RIU) and Limit of Detection (LoD) (2.95 \u00d7 10\u22126 RIUS). The real-time response under continuous flow of a sensor chip based on R-NP is showed for the first time, obtaining 12 sensograms simultaneously, featuring the unit as a potential excellent multiplexed detection system. These results indicate the high potential of the developed chemical sensing unit to be used for in-situ, multiplex and automatic optical biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]],"date-time":"2019-02-20T11:45:39Z","timestamp":1550663139000},"page":"878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Automated Chemical Sensing Unit Integration for Parallel Optical Interrogation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ana L","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3656-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Dortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Veenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LioniX International BV, Hengelosestraat 500, 7521AN Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ciaurriz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naitec, Pol\u00edgono Mochol\u00ed, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Casquel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1aki","family":"Cornago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naitec, Pol\u00edgono Mochol\u00ed, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1838-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik V","family":"Horsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multitel, Parc Initialis 2, Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 7000 Mons, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edurne","family":"Tellechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naitec, Pol\u00edgono Mochol\u00ed, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda V","family":"Maigler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio Optical Detection, Centro de empresas de la Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naitec, Pol\u00edgono Mochol\u00ed, Plaza Cein, 4, 31110 Noain, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Holgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Optics, Photonics and Biophotonics Laboratory, Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1621","article-title":"Biosensors: Classifications, medical applications, and future prospective","volume":"65","author":"Alhadrami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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