{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:33:28Z","timestamp":1760240008477,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2015-05671"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2015-05671"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we introduce an approach for measuring human gait symmetry where the input is a sequence of depth maps of subject walking on a treadmill. Body surface normals are used to describe 3D information of the walking subject in each frame. Two different schemes for embedding the temporal factor into a symmetry index are proposed. Experiments on the whole body, as well as the lower limbs, were also considered to assess the usefulness of upper body information in this task. The potential of our method was demonstrated with a dataset of 97,200 depth maps of nine different walking gaits. An ROC analysis for abnormal gait detection gave the best result (    AUC = 0.958    ) compared with other related studies. The experimental results provided by our method confirm the contribution of upper body in gait analysis as well as the reliability of approximating average gait symmetry index without explicitly considering individual gait cycles for asymmetry detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T03:49:44Z","timestamp":1550807384000},"page":"891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Measurement of Human Gait Symmetry using Body Surface Normals Extracted from Depth Maps"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9161-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trong-Nguyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DIRO, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huu-Hung","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ITF, The University of Danang\u2014University of Science and Technology, Danang 556361, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Meunier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DIRO, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.10.003","article-title":"Gait asymmetries in children with cerebral palsy: Do they deteriorate with running?","volume":"35","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2009.10.014","article-title":"Evaluation of gait symmetry after stroke: A comparison of current methods and recommendations for standardization","volume":"31","author":"Patterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0268-0033(94)90016-7","article-title":"A comparison of gait symmetry and hip movements in the assessment of patients with monarticular hip arthritis","volume":"9","author":"James","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. 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