{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:44:20Z","timestamp":1775789060306,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GMT14-0077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GMT14-0077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RMA15-024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RMA15-024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAW14.0276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAW14.0276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012.0083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012.0083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre in Nano science and technology (CeNano)","award":["Graphene-nanoparticle hybrid gas sensor"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Graphene-nanoparticle hybrid gas sensor"]}]},{"name":"Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials","award":["SFO-Mat-LiU #2009-00971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFO-Mat-LiU #2009-00971"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009737","name":"\u00c5ngpannef\u00f6reningens Forskningsstiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gases, such as nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde and benzene, are toxic even at very low concentrations. However, so far there are no low-cost sensors available with sufficiently low detection limits and desired response times, which are able to detect them in the ranges relevant for air quality control. In this work, we address both, detection of small gas amounts and fast response times, using epitaxially grown graphene decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles. This hybrid surface is used as a sensing layer to detect formaldehyde and benzene at concentrations of relevance (low parts per billion). The performance enhancement was additionally validated using density functional theory calculations to see the effect of decoration on binding energies between the gas molecules and the sensor surface. Moreover, the time constants can be drastically reduced using a derivative sensor signal readout, allowing the sensor to work at detection limits and sampling rates desired for air quality monitoring applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19040918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T03:49:44Z","timestamp":1550807384000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Graphene Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Interaction with Volatile Organic Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8608-9058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Rodner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sensor Science Unit, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Puglisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sensor Science Unit, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2264-7345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ekeroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma &amp; Coatings Physics Division, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Helmersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plasma &amp; Coatings Physics Division, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8685-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Shtepliuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semiconductor Materials Division, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Rositsa","family":"Yakimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semiconductor Materials Division, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Skallberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Surface Physics &amp; Nanoscience, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Kajsa","family":"Uvdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Surface Physics &amp; Nanoscience, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3060-5177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Sch\u00fctze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lab for Measurement Technology, Department of Systems Engineering, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbr\u00fccken, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sensor Science Unit, IFM, Link\u00f6ping University, 58183 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2019, February 21). 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