{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:47:11Z","timestamp":1775159231165,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MEDTEQ-MITACS","award":["IT07003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IT07003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the accessibility of several step count measurement systems, count accuracy in real environments remains a major challenge. Microelectromechanical systems and pressure sensors seem to present a potential solution for step count accuracy. The purpose of this study was to equip an insole with pressure sensors and to test a novel and potentially more accurate method of detecting steps. Methods: Five force-sensitive resistors (FSR) were integrated under the heel, the first, third, and fifth metatarsal heads and the great toe. This system was tested with twelve healthy participants at self-selected and maximal walking speeds in indoor and outdoor settings. Step counts were computed based on previously reported calculation methods, individual and averaged FSR-signals, and a new method: cumulative sum of all FSR-signals. These data were compared to a direct visual step count for accuracy analysis. Results: This system accurately detected steps with success rates ranging from 95.5 \u00b1 3.5% to 98.5 \u00b1 2.1% (indoor) and from 96.5 \u00b1 3.9% to 98.0 \u00b1 2.3% (outdoor) for self-selected walking speeds and from 98.1 \u00b1 2.7% to 99.0 \u00b1 0.7% (indoor) and 97.0 \u00b1 6.2% to 99.4 \u00b1 0.7% (outdoor) for maximal walking speeds. Cumulative sum of pressure signals during the stance phase showed high step detection accuracy (99.5 \u00b1 0.7%\u201399.6 \u00b1 0.4%) and appeared to be a valid method of step counting. Conclusions: The accuracy of step counts varied according to the calculation methods, with cumulative sum-based method being highly accurate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19050984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T11:00:44Z","timestamp":1551178844000},"page":"984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Design and Accuracy of an Instrumented Insole Using Pressure Sensors for Step Count"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Armelle M.","family":"Ngueleu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9anne K.","family":"Blanchette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2034-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Bouyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","family":"Maltais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Bradford J.","family":"McFadyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Moffet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]},{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Batcho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 universitaire de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1M2X8, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonato, P. 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