{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:34:12Z","timestamp":1760240052773,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 2D point location problem has applications in several areas, such as geographic information systems, navigation systems, motion planning, mapping, military strategy, location and tracking moves. We aim to present a new approach that expands upon current techniques and methods to locate the 2D position of a signal source sent by an emitter device. This new approach is based only on the geometric relationship between an emitter device and a system composed of \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                m\r\n                \u2265\r\n                2\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         signal receiving devices. Current approaches applied to locate an emitter can be deterministic, statistical or machine-learning methods. We propose to perform this triangulation by geometric models that exploit elements of pole-polar geometry. For this purpose, we are presenting five geometric models to solve the point location problem: (1) based on centroid of points of pole-polar geometry, PPC; (2) based on convex hull region among pole-points, CHC; (3) based on centroid of points obtained by polar-lines intersections, PLI; (4) based on centroid of points obtained by tangent lines intersections, TLI; (5) based on centroid of points obtained by tangent lines intersections with minimal angles, MAI. The first one has computational cost \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                O\r\n                \r\n                  (\r\n                  n\r\n                  )\r\n                \r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         and whereas has the computational cost \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              \r\n                O\r\n                \r\n                  (\r\n                  \r\n                    n\r\n                    l\r\no\r\ng\r\n                    n\r\n                  \r\n                  )\r\n                \r\n              \r\n            \r\n          \r\n         where \r\n          \r\n            \r\n              n\r\n            \r\n          \r\n         is the number of points of interest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T11:41:03Z","timestamp":1551267663000},"page":"1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["2D Triangulation of Signals Source by Pole-Polar Geometric Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Aleksandro","family":"Montanha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Web Engineering and Early Testing (IWT2) research group, Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s\/n, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Airton M.","family":"Polidorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inform\u00e1tica Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Jd. Universit\u00e1rio, Maring\u00e1 87020-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Dominguez-Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s\/n, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6435-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda J.","family":"Escalona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Inform\u00e1ticos, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s\/n, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Gao, Z., Guo, Y., and Huang, Y. (2012, January 21\u201323). A Survey of Range-Based Localization Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Networks. 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