{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T01:36:51Z","timestamp":1780709811450,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004083","name":"Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H-GUARD_2013M3A6B2078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-GUARD_2013M3A6B2078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004083","name":"Ministry of Science ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3A7B4041754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3A7B4041754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To achieve an effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor with periodically distributed \u201chot spots\u201d on wafer-scale substrates, we propose a hybrid approach combining physical nano-imprint lithography and a chemical deposition method to form a silver microbead array. Nano-imprint lithography (NIL) can lead to mass-production and high throughput, but is not appropriate for generating strong \u201chot-spots.\u201d However, when we apply electrochemical deposition to an NIL substrate and the reaction time was increased to 45 s, periodical \u201chot-spots\u201d between the microbeads were generated on the substrates. It contributed to increasing the enhancement factor (EF) and lowering the detection limit of the substrates to 4.40 \u00d7 106 and 1.0 \u00d7 10\u221211 M, respectively. In addition, this synthetic method exhibited good substrate-to-substrate reproducibility (RSD &lt; 9.4%). Our research suggests a new opportunity for expanding the SERS application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Formation of Interstitial Hot-Spots Using the Reduced Gap-Size between Plasmonic Microbeads Pattern for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8245-7148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taeksu","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanghee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soongeun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woochang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyungjun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JaeJong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nano Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3680","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR08066B","article-title":"Highly robust, uniform and ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates for microRNA detection fabricated by using silver nanostructures grown in gold nanobowls","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201404107","article-title":"Hierarchical porous plasmonic metamaterials for reproducible ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. 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