{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:34:16Z","timestamp":1760240056503,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]],"date-time":"2019-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551484800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper studies an adaptive coding scheme for B5G (beyond 5th generation) mobile system-enhanced transmission technology. Different from the existing works, the authors develop a class of rate-compatible, non-binary, low-density parity check (RC-NB-LDPC) codes, which expresses the strong connection between the algebra-based and graph-theoretic-based constructions. The constructed codes can not only express rate-compatible (RC) features, but also possess a quasi-cyclic (QC) structure that facilitates the encoding implementation. Further, in order to achieve the code rate-adaptive allocation scheme, the authors propose using the K-means++ clustering algorithm to cluster different channel environments, considering various factors that affect channel characteristics. Finally, in order to present the advantages of the adaptive coding scheme, the authors construct a coding scheme for image transmission. The numerical results demonstrate that the developed code can obtain better waterfall performance in a larger code rate range, which is more suitable for data transmission; the adaptive coding transmission scheme can obtain higher reconstructed image quality compared to the fixed code rate-coding scheme. Moreover, when considering unequal error protection (UEP), the proposed scheme can further improve the reconstructed image quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T05:45:36Z","timestamp":1551678336000},"page":"1067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adaptive Rate-Compatible Non-Binary LDPC Coding Scheme for the B5G Mobile System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dan-feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information &amp; Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-0196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information &amp; Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information &amp; Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3130","article-title":"An Overview on Evolution of Mobile Wireless Comunication Networks: 1 g\u20136 g","volume":"3","author":"Gawas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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