{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T18:38:36Z","timestamp":1764700716173,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016R1A2A1A05005413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016R1A2A1A05005413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To develop totally implantable middle ear and cochlear implants, a miniature microphone that is surgically easy to implant and has a high sensitivity in a sufficient range of audio frequencies is needed. Of the various implantable acoustic sensors under development, only micro electro-mechanical system-type acoustic sensors, which attach to the umbo of the tympanic membrane, meet these requirements. We describe a new vibro-acoustic hybrid implantable microphone (VAHIM) that combines acceleration and sound pressure sensors. Each sensor can collect the vibration of the umbo and sound pressure of the middle ear cavity. The fabricated sensor was implanted into a human temporal bone and the noise level and sensitivity were measured. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a wider-frequency band than conventional implantable acoustic sensors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]],"date-time":"2019-03-05T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1551784790000},"page":"1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Vibro-Acoustic Hybrid Implantable Microphone for Middle Ear Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Woong","family":"Seong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ha Jun","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dong Ho","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jong Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical &amp; Biological Engineering, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hideko Heidi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Puria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}]},{"given":"Jin-Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, 680, Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnp107","article-title":"The stigma of hearing loss","volume":"50","author":"Wallhagen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puria, S., Fay, R.R., and Popper, A.N. 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