{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:09:23Z","timestamp":1780632563224,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013297","name":"Eurostars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A fast and sensitive method to monitor hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in ambient air based on a visible color change of a printed disposable sensor has been developed. As gas-sensitive material, an immobilized copper(II) complex of the azo dye 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphtol (H-PAN) was synthesized and prepared in an ethyl cellulose matrix for screen printing. If H2S is present in ambient air, the gas sensitive layer changes its color from purple to yellow. A pre-primed polyethylene (PE) foil and a coated offset paper served as the printing substrate. The colorimetric response to the target gas was measured by UV\/Vis spectroscopy in reflection at H2S concentrations between 1 to 20 ppm. Possible cross-sensitivities of the printed sensors towards methane (CH4), formaldehyde (CH2O), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), as well as the long-term stability was investigated. Furthermore, reflection measurements of the Cu-PAN complex on an amorphous silica powder under gas admission served as preliminary test for the subsequent paste development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T04:58:35Z","timestamp":1552021115000},"page":"1182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Screen-Printed Sensors for Colorimetric Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Ambient Air"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Engel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4516-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina R.","family":"Tarantik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"Pannek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"W\u00f6llenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hydrogen Sulfide (2018, July 07). The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. Available online: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/3527600418.mb778306d0043."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"OSHA Standards, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2019, January 01). Health Hazards of Hydrogen Sulfide, Available online: https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/SLTC\/hydrogensulfide\/hazards.html."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lipt\u00e0k, B.G. (2003). Instrument Engineer\u2019s Handbook, Volume One: Process Measurement and Analysis, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420064025"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2019, January 01). Safety Data Sheet, Lead(II) Acetate, Carl Roth. 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[2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.06.114","article-title":"Quantitative, colorimetric paper probe for hydrogen sulfide gas","volume":"253","author":"Carpenter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"55","article-title":"Inkjet-printed disposable metal complexing indicator-displacement assay for sulphide determination in water","volume":"872","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spectrochimica"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler, M., and Fritzsche, W. (2007). Nanotechnology: An Introduction to Nanostructuring Techniques, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., KGaA. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527621132"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kneer, J., Eberhardt, A., Walden, P., Ortiz P\u00e9rez, A., W\u00f6llenstein, J., and Palzer, S. (2014). Apparatus to characterize gas sensor response under real-world conditions in the lab. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 85.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4878717"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/5\/1182\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:37:14Z","timestamp":1760186234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/5\/1182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["s19051182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19051182","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]}}}