{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:31:40Z","timestamp":1777861900071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1D1A1B03028350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A compact, cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA), using radio frequency signals to identify different liquids is proposed in this paper. The proposed CDRA sensor is excited by a rectangular slot through a 3-mm-wide microstrip line. The rectangular slot has been used to excite the CDRA for     H E  M 11      mode at 5.25 GHz. Circuit model values (capacitance, inductance, resistance and transformer ratios) of the proposed CDRA are derived to show the true behaviour of the system. The proposed CDRA acts as a sensor due to the fact that different liquids have different dielectric permittivities and, hence, will be having different resonance frequencies. Two different types of CDRA sensors are designed and experimentally validated with four different liquids (Isopropyl, ethanol, methanol and water).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19051200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T11:21:59Z","timestamp":1552044119000},"page":"1200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna-Based Sensors for Liquid Chemical Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8312-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amjad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Wireless Technology (CWT), Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amor","family":"Smida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Unit of Research in High Frequency Electronic Circuits and Systems, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 2092, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5154-2382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar A.","family":"Saraereh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qais H.","family":"Alsafasfeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Power and Mechatronics Engineering, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 11183, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazih Khaddaj","family":"Mallat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain 64141, UAE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3675-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Moo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, Z., Huang, J., Li, J., Xu, G., Ju, Z., Liu, X., and Ni, X. 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