{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:35:07Z","timestamp":1760240107170,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]],"date-time":"2019-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang, China","award":["No. 2018C03040, 2018C03035 and 2018C03031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018C03040, 2018C03035 and 2018C03031"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p> Surface and underground stretched deformation is one of the most important physical measurement quantities for geological-disaster monitoring. In this study, a parallel helical sensing cable (PHSC) based on the time\u2013domain reflectometry (TDR) technique is proposed and used to monitor large ground stretched deformation. First, the PHSC structure and manufacturing process are introduced, and then, distributed capacitance, distributed inductance, and characteristic impedance were derived based on the proposed stretched-structure model. Next, the relationship between characteristic impedance and stretched deformation was found, and the principle of distributed deformation measurement based on the TDR technique and PHSC characteristic impedance was analyzed in detail. The function of the stretched deformation and characteristic impedance was obtained by curve fitting based on the theoretically calculated results. A laboratory calibration test was carried out by the designed tensile test platform. The results of multi-point positioning and the amount of stretched deformation are presented by the tensile test platform, multi-point positioning measurement absolute errors were less than 0.01 m, and the amount of stretched deformation measurement absolute errors were less than 3 mm, respectively. The measured results are in good agreement with the theoretically calculated results, which verify the correctness of theoretical derivation and show that a PHSC is very suitable for the distributed measurement of the ground stretched deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T04:12:09Z","timestamp":1552623129000},"page":"1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using a Parallel Helical Sensing Cable for the Distributed Measurement of Ground Deformation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiushan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Renyuan","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Congli","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3189\/002214310794457290","article-title":"Instruments and methods using a draw-wire sensor to continuously monitor glacier melt","volume":"56","author":"Hulth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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