{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T16:44:05Z","timestamp":1765039445421,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]],"date-time":"2019-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TEC2017-85529-C3-1-R","TIN2016-75097-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TEC2017-85529-C3-1-R","TIN2016-75097-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a radiofrequency (RF) energy harvesting system based on an ultrawideband Archimedean spiral antenna and a half-wave Cockcroft-Walton multiplier circuit. The antenna was proved to operate from 350 MHz to 16 GHz with an outstanding performance. With its use, radio spectrum measurements were carried out at the Telecommunication Engineering School (Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid) to determine the power level of the ambient signals in two different scenarios: indoors and outdoors. Based on these measurements, a Cockcroft-Walton multiplier and a lumped element matching network are designed to operate at 800 MHz and 900 MHz frequency bands. To correct the frequency displacement in the circuit, a circuit model is presented that takes into account the different parasitic elements of the components and the PCB. With an input power of 0 dBm, the manufactured circuit shows a rectifying efficiency of 30%. Finally, a test is carried out with the full RF energy harvesting system to check its correct operation. Thus, the RF system is placed in front of a transmitting Vivaldi antenna at a distance of 50 cm. The storage capacitor has a charge of over 1.25 V, which is enough to run a temperature sensor placed as the load to be supplied. This demonstrates the validity of the RF energy harvesting system for low-power practical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"1318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["RF Energy Harvesting System Based on an Archimedean Spiral Antenna for Low-Power Sensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Alex-Amor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Informaci\u00f3n, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga 29071, Spain"},{"name":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-3236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Palomares-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Informaci\u00f3n, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga 29071, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al, Telem\u00e1tica y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9296-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Teor\u00eda de la Se\u00f1al, Telem\u00e1tica y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Granada, Granada 18071, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Sierra-Casta\u00f1er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Processing and Telecommunications Center, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications","volume":"17","author":"Guizani","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Comm. 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