{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:28:49Z","timestamp":1765888129415,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]],"date-time":"2019-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1766220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1766220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional methods for the online monitoring of icing conditions of composite insulators suffer from difficulties. To solve this issue, a novel method is first proposed to detect glaze icing load via embedding three optical fibers with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) into a 10 kV composite insulator. Specifically, FBG temperature compensation sensors were packaged in ceramic tubes to solve strain and temperature cross-sensitivity. Temperature effect experiments and simulated glaze icing load experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that temperature sensitivities of all FBGs are identical (i.e., 10.68 pm\/\u00b0C), which achieves a simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. In addition, the proposed method can detect glaze icing load of the composite insulator above 0.5 N (i.e., 15% of icicle bridged degree) in the laboratory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1552911533000},"page":"1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Detection of Glaze Icing Load and Temperature of Composite Insulators Using Fiber Bragg Grating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanpeng","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiulin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/MPE.2009.934876","article-title":"The path of the smart grid","volume":"8","author":"Farhangi","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Power Energy Mag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/454570a","article-title":"Energy: Upgrading the grid","volume":"454","author":"Marris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Jiang, X., Shu, L., and Sun, C. 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