{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1760240065301,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61273079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61273079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Foud","award":["61703129"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703129"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network &amp; Communication of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["WSNC2014001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WSNC2014001"]}]},{"name":"Open Research Project of the State Key Lab. of Industrial Control Tech., Zhejiang University","award":["ICT1541\uff0c ICT1555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICT1541\uff0c ICT1555"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015CFB203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CFB203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2042015kf0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042015kf0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Time synchronization is an important middleware function that supports the Quality of Service (QoS) of systems in wireless sensor array networks. Instead of providing high synchronization accuracy for all application scenarios, we argue that synchronization protocols should be application specific. In this paper, we exploit the synchronization requirements of target-tracking systems in wireless sensor array networks and propose an energy-efficient Sensor Array Synchronization Protocol (SASP), which provides the required synchronization accuracy to guarantee the QoS. Specifically, when no target appears, to guarantee system lifetime, coarse synchronization is achieved with little overhead by piggybacking time information onto periodical network maintenance packets. Once targets appear, SASP achieves high inter-array and relatively higher intra-array synchronization accuracy rather than the traditional network-wide high accuracy on average. In this way, it guarantees reliable communication and accurate data fusion, while reducing energy consumption. Theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T12:12:25Z","timestamp":1552997545000},"page":"1367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Energy Efficient Synchronization Protocol for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Array Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Ji-An","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab for IOT and Information Fusion Technology of Zhejiang, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5804-3279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Technology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2008.441","article-title":"Wireless sensor networks","volume":"41","author":"Stankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watt, A.J., Phillips, M.R., Campbell, C.E.A., Wells, I., and Hole, S. 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