{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:53:40Z","timestamp":1781110420332,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008688","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["241272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["241272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of modern technologies, such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), the Internet-of-Things (IoT), and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, involves the use of batteries, which pose a serious environmental risk, with billions of batteries disposed of every year. However, the combination of sensors and wireless communication devices is extremely power-hungry. Energy Harvesting (EH) is fundamental in enabling the use of low-power electronic devices that derive their energy from external sources, such as Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), solar power, thermal and kinetic energy, among others. Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) is a prominent clean energy source and a step towards the development of self-powered systems in indoor and outdoor environments. One of the main challenges with PMFCs is the dynamic power supply, dynamic charging rates and low-energy supply. In this paper, a PMFC-based energy harvester system is proposed for the implementation of autonomous self-powered sensor nodes with IoT and cloud-based service communication protocols. The PMFC design is specifically adapted with the proposed EH circuit for the implementation of IoT-WSN based applications. The PMFC-EH system has a maximum power point at 0.71 V, a current density of 5 mA cm      \u2212 2     , and a power density of 3.5 mW cm      \u2212 2      with a single plant. Considering a sensor node with a current consumption of 0.35 mA, the PMFC-EH green energy system allows a power autonomy for real-time data processing of IoT-based low-power WSN systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T04:11:56Z","timestamp":1553141516000},"page":"1378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Plant Microbial Fuel Cells\u2013Based Energy Harvester System for Self-powered IoT Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4976-4928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith","family":"Osorio de la Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT, Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. Roo 77019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-8948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"V\u00e1zquez Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. Roo 77019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Carmona Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. Roo 77019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gliserio Romeli","family":"Barbosa Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. Roo 77019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5369-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Becerra Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONACYT, Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. Roo 77019, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0956-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Castillo Atoche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Autonomous University of Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida Yucat\u00e1n 97000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8595-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Orteg\u00f3n Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deparment of Engineering, University of Quintana Roo, Chetumal Q. 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