{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T03:48:03Z","timestamp":1767066483700,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The traditional approach for coastal monitoring consists in ground investigations that are burdensome both in terms of logistics and costs, on a national or even regional scale. Earth Observation (EO) techniques can represent a cost-effective alternative for a wide scale coastal monitoring. Thanks to the all-weather day\/night radar imaging capability and to the nationwide acquisition plan named MapItaly, devised by the Italian Space Agency and active since 2010, COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) constellation is able to provide X-band images covering the Italian territory. However, any remote sensing approach must be accurately calibrated and corrected taking into account the marine conditions. Therefore, in situ data are essential for proper EO data selection, geocoding, tidal corrections and validation of EO products. A combined semi-automatic technique for coastal risk assessment and monitoring, named COSMO-Beach, is presented here, integrating ground truths with EO data, as well as its application on two different test sites in Apulia Region (South Italy). The research has shown that CSK data for coastal monitoring ensure a shoreline detection accuracy lower than image pixel resolution, and also providing several advantages: low-cost data, a short revisit period, operational continuity and a low computational time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T12:28:01Z","timestamp":1553171281000},"page":"1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Combined Approach of Field Data and Earth Observation for Coastal Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6210-6810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Bruno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Bari\u2014Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7281-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo Gianluca","family":"Molfetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Bari\u2014Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4187-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Pratola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Bari\u2014Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6477-8714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Mossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Technical University of Bari\u2014Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Nutricato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Applications Processing (GAP) s.r.l., 70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Morea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Applications Processing (GAP) s.r.l., 70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide Oscar","family":"Nitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geophysical Applications Processing (GAP) s.r.l., 70126 Bari, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Chiaradia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cM. Merlin\u201d, Technical University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pauli, G. (2010). 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