{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:48:53Z","timestamp":1774334933701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1713206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1713206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic Research Plan of Shenzhen","award":["JCYJ20170413112645981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170413112645981"]}]},{"name":"JCYJ20170413112645981","award":["JCYJ20170811160003571"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170811160003571"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric actuator that converts AC electrical energy into ultrasonic mechanical vibration to accelerate the material removal rate of workpiece in rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM). In this study, an impedance model of the ultrasonic transducer is established by the electromechanical equivalent approach. The impedance model not only facilitates the structure design of the ultrasonic transducer, but also predicts the effects of different mechanical structural dimensions on the impedance characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer. Moreover, the effects of extension length of the machining tool and the tightening torque of the clamping nut on the impedance characteristics of the ultrasonic transducer are investigated. Finally, through experimental analysis, the impedance transfer function with external force is established to analyze the dynamic characteristics of machining process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T12:28:01Z","timestamp":1553171281000},"page":"1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Electromechanical Dynamics Model of Ultrasonic Transducer in Ultrasonic Machining Based on Equivalent Circuit Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8677-0676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Medical Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Li","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Precision Microelectronic Manufacturing Technology &amp; Equipment of Ministry of Education of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Engineering Lab for Medical Intelligent Wireless Ultrasonic Imaging Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"given":"Wen-Ju","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"}]},{"given":"Guang-Hao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China"}]},{"given":"Yang-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"An investigation into the machining characteristics of titanium using ultrasonic machining","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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