{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T20:26:43Z","timestamp":1771878403011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 104-2313-B-157-001-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 104-2313-B-157-001-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2313-B-157-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2313-B-157-001-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chromium (VI) [Cr(VI)] compounds display high toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential. Biological analysis techniques (e.g., such as enzyme-based or cell-based sensors) have been developed to measure Cr(VI); however, these biological elements are sensitive to the environment, limited to measuring trace Cr(VI), and require deployment offsite. In this study, a three-stage single-chambered microbial fuel cell (SCMFC) biosensor inoculated with Exiguobacterium aestuarii YC211 was developed for in situ, real-time, and continuous Cr(VI) measurement. A negative linear relationship was observed between the Cr(VI) concentration (5\u201330 mg\/L) and the voltage output using an SCMFC at 2-min liquid retention time. The theoretical Cr(VI) measurement range of the system could be extended to 5\u201390 mg\/L by connecting three separate SCMFCs in series. The three-stage SCMFC biosensor could accurately measure Cr(VI) concentrations in actual tannery wastewater with low deviations (&lt;7%). After treating the wastewater with the SCMFC, the original inoculated E. aestuarii remained dominant (&gt;92.5%), according to the next-generation sequencing analysis. The stable bacterial community present in the SCMFC favored the reliable performance of the SCMFC biosensor. Thus, the three-stage SCMFC biosensor has potential as an early warning device with wide dynamic range for in situ, real-time, and continuous Cr(VI) measurement of tannery wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1553497012000},"page":"1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three-Stage Single-Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell Biosensor Inoculated with Exiguobacterium aestuarii YC211 for Continuous Chromium (VI) Measurement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Li-Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Logistics Engineering, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan City 523808, China"}]},{"given":"Guey-Horng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361008, China"}]},{"given":"Teh-Hua","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Shih-Yu","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0425-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Chien","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 11581, Taiwan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2015.1047670","article-title":"Bioremediation of hexavalent chromium (VI) by a soil-borne bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae B2-DHA","volume":"50","author":"Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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