{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T21:50:27Z","timestamp":1766267427117,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]],"date-time":"2019-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation (NRF)","award":["NRF-2017M3A9E2064563"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M3A9E2064563"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The diversion of a driver\u2019s attention from driving can be catastrophic. Given that conventional button- and touch-based interfaces may distract the driver, developing novel distraction-free interfaces for the various devices present in cars has becomes necessary. Hand gesture recognition may provide an alternative interface inside cars. Given that cars are the targeted application area, we determined the optimal location for the radar sensor, so that the signal reflected from the driver\u2019s hand during gesturing is unaffected by interference from the motion of the driver\u2019s body or other motions within the car. We implemented a Convolutional Neural Network-based technique to recognize the finger-counting-based hand gestures using an Impulse Radio (IR) radar sensor. The accuracy of the proposed method was sufficiently high for real-world applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T06:56:52Z","timestamp":1553497012000},"page":"1429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Finger-Counting-Based Gesture Recognition within Cars Using Impulse Radar with Convolutional Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4661-2956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahzad","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimini-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8754-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faheem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimini-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9890-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim","family":"Ghaffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimini-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]},{"given":"Farhan","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2393-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimini-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2007.11.001","article-title":"A user study of auditory versus visual interfaces for use while driving","volume":"66","author":"Sodnik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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