{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:38:39Z","timestamp":1783726719673,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-17-CE10-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-17-CE10-0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper addresses the practical implementation of a wireless sensors network designed to actualize cyber-physical systems that are dedicated to structural health monitoring applications in the construction domain. This network consists of a mesh grid composed of LoRaWAN battery-free wireless sensing nodes that collect physical data and communicating nodes that interface the sensing nodes with the digital world through the Internet. Two prototypes of sensing nodes were manufactured and are powered wirelessly by using a far-field wireless power transmission technique and only one dedicated RF energy source operating in the ISM 868 MHz frequency band. These sensing nodes can simultaneously perform temperature and relative humidity measurements and can transmit the measured data wirelessly over long-range distances by using the LoRa technology and the LoRaWAN protocol. Experimental results for a simplified network confirm that the periodicity of the measurements and data transmission of the sensing nodes can be controlled by the dedicated RF source (embedded in or just controlled by the associated communicating node), by tuning the radiated power density of the RF waves, and without any modification of the software or the hardware implemented in the sensing nodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,29]],"date-time":"2019-03-29T03:38:52Z","timestamp":1553830732000},"page":"1510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3347-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Loubet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Takacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0990-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-4747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin","family":"Udrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Dragomirescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAAS-CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3086508","article-title":"Towards Cyber-Physical Systems Design for Structural Health Monitoring: Hurdles and Opportunities","volume":"1","author":"Bhuiyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Trans. 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