{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:27:34Z","timestamp":1766428054555,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]],"date-time":"2019-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information &amp; Communications Technology Planning &amp; Evaluation (IITP)","award":["2017-0-00373-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-0-00373-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an increasing demand for acquiring details of food nutrients especially among those who are sensitive to food intakes and weight changes. To meet this need, we propose a new approach based on deep learning that precisely estimates the composition of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from hyperspectral signals of foods obtained by using low-cost spectrometers. Specifically, we develop a system consisting of multiple deep neural networks for estimating food nutrients followed by detecting and discarding estimation anomalies. Our comprehensive performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system can maximize estimation accuracy by automatically identifying wrong estimations. As such, if consolidated with the capability of reinforcement learning, it will likely be positioned as a promising means for personalized healthcare in terms of food safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T03:21:26Z","timestamp":1554175286000},"page":"1560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Estimating the Composition of Food Nutrients from Hyperspectral Signals Based on Deep Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"DaeHan","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyang daehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 daehak-ro, bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Hee-Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 daehak-ro, bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jeong-Seok","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Bio-industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 daehak-ro, bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Deog","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, 80 daehak-ro, bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-1776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taejoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyang daehak-ro, Ansan 15588, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019, March 30). 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