{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:08:07Z","timestamp":1760425687345,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A semiconductor array pH image sensor consisting of four separated blocks was fabricated using charged coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. The sensing surface of one of the four blocks was Si3N4 and this block responded to H+. The surfaces of the other three blocks were respectively covered with cation sensitive membranes, which were separately printed with plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) solutions including Na+, K+, and Ca2+ ionophores by using an ink-jet printing method. In addition, each block of the image sensor with 128 \u00d7 128 pixels could have a calibration curve generated in each independent measurement condition. The present sensor could measure the concentration image of four kinds of ions (H+, K+, Na +, Ca2+) simultaneously at 8.3 frames per second (fps) in separated regions on a chip.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,2]],"date-time":"2019-04-02T03:21:26Z","timestamp":1554175286000},"page":"1582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CCD Multi-Ion Image Sensor with Four 128 \u00d7 128 Pixels Array"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tenpaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fumihiro","family":"Dasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tenpaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tenpaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooparative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tenpaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Hibarigaoka 1-1, Tenpaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4005(94)87087-X","article-title":"Chemical and biochemical sensor array for two-dimensional imaging of anlyte distributions","volume":"18","author":"Meyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(93)00693-X","article-title":"A monolithic sensor array of individually addressable microelectrodes","volume":"43","author":"Kakerow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8831","DOI":"10.3390\/s91108831","article-title":"An integrated ISFET sensor array","volume":"9","author":"Nakazato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.05.066","article-title":"High-resolution real-time ion-camera system using a CMOS-based chemical sensor array for proton imaging","volume":"171\u2013172","author":"Nemeth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04FM03","DOI":"10.7567\/JJAP.57.04FM03","article-title":"Multiple-channel detection of cellular activities by ion-sensitive transistors","volume":"57","author":"Machida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3375810","article-title":"Light-addressable potentiometric sensor for biochemical systems","volume":"240","author":"Hafeman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(00)00696-1","article-title":"A novel design of multi-light LAPS based on digital compensation of frequency domain","volume":"73","author":"Qintao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3390\/s41000163","article-title":"Fabrication of thin-film LAPS with amorphous silicon","volume":"4","author":"Yoshinobu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"067301","DOI":"10.7567\/APEX.7.067301","article-title":"Novel photoexcitation method for light-addressable potentiometric sensor with higher spatial resolution","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Exp."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.02.190","article-title":"Surface modification and construction of LAPS towards biosensing applications","volume":"265","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1970.4502688","article-title":"Development of an ion-sensitive solid-state device for neurophysiological measurements","volume":"17","author":"Bergveld","year":"1970","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(02)00301-5","article-title":"Thirty years of ISFETOLOGY: What happened in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years","volume":"88","author":"Bergveld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2585920","article-title":"ISFETs in CMOS and emergent trends in instrumentation: A review","volume":"16","author":"Moser","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5276","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2722043","article-title":"A 32 \u00d7 32 ISFET Chemical Sensing Array With Integrated Trapped Charge and Gain Compensation","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Liu, X., Huang, X., Guo, J., Yan, M., Yu, H., Huang, J.-C., Hsieh, C.-H., and Chen, T.-T. (2015, January 28\u201330). A 201 mV\/pH, 375 fps and 512\u00d7576 CMOS ISFET sensor in 65nm CMOS technology. Proceedings of the IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), San Jose, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CICC.2015.7338427"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cong, Y., Xu, M., Zhao, D., and Wu, D. (2017, January 25\u201328). A 3600 \u00d7 3600 large-scale ISFET sensor array for high-throughput pH sensing. Proceedings of the IEEE 12th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON), Guiyang, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASICON.2017.8252636"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1109\/16.784183","article-title":"Novel CCD-based pH imaging sensor","volume":"46","author":"Sawada","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2006.01.056","article-title":"Fabrication of a two-dimensional pH image sensor using a charge transfer technique","volume":"117","author":"Hizawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hizawa, T., Matsuo, J., Ishida, T., Takao, H., Abe, H., Sawada, K., and Ishida, M. (2007, January 10\u201314). 32 \u00d7 32 pH image sensors for real time observation of biochemical phenomena. Proceedings of the International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference, Lyon, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSOR.2007.4300379"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2013.2268208","article-title":"Fabrication of a 128 \u00d7 128 Pixels Charge Transfer Type Hydrogen Ion Image Sensor","volume":"60","author":"Futagawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edo, Y., Tamai, Y., Yamazaki, S., Inoue, Y., Kanazawa, Y., Nakashima, Y., Yoshida, T., Arakawa, T., Saitoh, S., and Maegawa, M. (2015, January 7\u20139). 1.3 Mega pixels CCD pH imaging sensor with 3.75 \u03bcm spatial resolution. Proceedings of the IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), Washington, DC, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEDM.2015.7409793"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.04.019","article-title":"Label free bio image sensor for real time monitoring of potassium ion released from hippocampal slices","volume":"201","author":"Kono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1021\/ac403657w","article-title":"Two-dimensional microchemical observation of mast cell biogenic amine release as monitored by a 128 \u00d7 128 array-type charge-coupled device ion image sensor","volume":"86","author":"Hattori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1023","article-title":"16K Array Charge Coupled Device Multi-Ion Image Sensors for Simultaneous Determination of Distributions of Sodium and Potassium Ions","volume":"27","author":"Hattori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.17P552","article-title":"Extracellular Bio-imaging of Acetylcholine-stimulated PC12 Cells Using a Calcium and Potassium Multi-ion Image Sensor","volume":"34","author":"Matsuba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Lodish, H., Berk, A., Kaiser, C.A., Krieger, M., Bretscher, A., Ploegh, H., Amon, A., and Martin, K. (2016). Molecular Biology of the Cells, W. H. Freemann and Company. [8th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Watanabe, E., Hizawa, T., Mimura, T., Ishida, T., Takao, K., Sawada, K., and Ishida, M. (2007, January 7\u201311). Low-noise operation of charge-transfer-type ph sensor using charge accumulation technique. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, Paris, France."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1582\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:42:12Z","timestamp":1760186532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s19071582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19071582","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]]}}}