{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T05:33:23Z","timestamp":1776749603779,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004586","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We improved a magnetic scanning microscope for measuring the magnetic properties of minerals in thin sections of geological samples at submillimeter scales. The microscope is comprised of a 200 \u00b5m diameter Hall sensor that is located at a distance of 142 \u00b5m from the sample; an electromagnet capable of applying up to 500 mT DC magnetic fields to the sample over a 40 mm diameter region; a second Hall sensor arranged in a gradiometric configuration to cancel the background signal applied by the electromagnet and reduce the overall noise in the system; a custom-designed electronics system to bias the sensors and allow adjustments to the background signal cancelation; and a scanning XY stage with micrometer resolution. Our system achieves a spatial resolution of 200 \u00b5m with a noise at 6.0 Hz of 300 nTrms\/(Hz)1\/2 in an unshielded environment. The magnetic moment sensitivity is 1.3 \u00d7 10\u221211 Am2. We successfully measured the representative magnetization of a geological sample using an alternative model that takes the sample geometry into account and identified different micrometric characteristics in the sample slice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T11:36:01Z","timestamp":1554464161000},"page":"1636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterizing Complex Mineral Structures in Thin Sections of Geological Samples with a Scanning Hall Effect Microscope"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1180-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson F. D. 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A.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Observat\u00f3rio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6338-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Vanderlei C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics, Observat\u00f3rio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 20921-400, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3958-7008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleanio","family":"Luz-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Campus Ministro Petr\u00f4nio Portella, Universidade Federal do Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64049-550, PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elder","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geosciences, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo A. F.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8673-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. B.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Optics, RISE Acreo, Electrum 236, 164 40 Kista, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio C.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10644","DOI":"10.3390\/s140610644","article-title":"A magnetic sensor with amorphous wire","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23703","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4907712","article-title":"Sub-nanosecond time-resolved near-field scanning magneto-optical microscope","volume":"86","author":"Rudge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. 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