{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:36:39Z","timestamp":1760240199718,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1D1A1A09918974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1D1A1A09918974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the development of wireless communication technology, wireless body area networks (WBANs) have become a fundamental support tool in medical applications. In a real hospital scenario, however, the interference between wireless medical devices and WBANs may cause a high packet drop rate and high latency, which is harmful to patients using healthcare services. Nonetheless, cognitive radio is a promising technology for sharing the precious spectrum, which has high efficiency of the wireless resource. Thus, WBANs with cognitive radio capability are also exploited. We propose a spectrum-aware priority-based link scheduling (SPLS) algorithm for cognitive radio body area networks (CRBANs) in a real hospital scenario. In SPLS, three channels are used: DataCh, EDataCh, and CtrlCh for normal data, emergency data, and control messages, respectively. To avoid collision during data transmission, neighboring CRBANs send messages regarding the channel state with CtrlCh before the scheduling. The CRBANs can share DataCh in the time domain for improving the throughput. The SPLS algorithm allows a CRBAN to access idle channels on the licensed and unlicensed spectrum according to the CRBAN traffic. Our simulation results show that the proposed SPLS outperformed the conventional scheme in terms of packet delivery ratio, system throughput, latency, and energy efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T11:36:01Z","timestamp":1554464161000},"page":"1640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Spectrum-Aware Priority-Based Link Scheduling Algorithm for Cognitive Radio Body Area Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Thien Thi Thanh","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Information Technology, Eastern International University, Hoa Phu, Binh Duong City 75114, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-3400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangman","family":"Moh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"797","article-title":"A Review of WBANs for Medical Applications","volume":"2","author":"Ullah","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Commun. Netw. Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.121313.00064","article-title":"Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey","volume":"16","author":"Movassaghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"IEEE (2012). IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks\u2014Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks, IEEE. IEEE Std 802.15.6-2012."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2363571","article-title":"Wireless Resource Allocation in Next Generation Healthcare Facilities","volume":"15","author":"Naeem","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2010.5416346","article-title":"A Cognitive Radio System for E-health Applications in a Hospital Environment","volume":"17","author":"Phunchongharn","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2012.6272426","article-title":"Cognitive Radio for Medical Body Area Networks using Ultra Wideband","volume":"19","author":"Nolan","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-014-0083-x","article-title":"Recent Trends in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Research and Cognition Based Adaptive WBAN Architecture for Healthcare","volume":"4","author":"Rathee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Technol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, T.T., and Moh, S. (2016). An Interference-Aware Traffic-Priority-Based Link Scheduling Algorithm for Interference Mitigation in Multiple Wireless Body Area Network. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16122190"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biglieri, E., Goldsmith, A., Greenstein, L., Mandayam, N., and Poor, H. (2012). Capacity of cognitive radio networks. Principle of Cognitive Radio, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139236850"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Santiago, R., Jankunas, D., Fomin, V.V., and Balasingham, I. (2014, January 2\u20134). Dual-band Cognitive Radio for Wearable Sensors in Hospitals. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT), Firenze, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMICT.2014.6825244"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u00e1vez-Santiago, R., and Balasingham, I. (2011, January 10\u201311). Cognitive Radio for Medical Wireless Body Area Networks. Proceedings of the IEEE 16th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), Kyoto, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/CAMAD.2011.5941105"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, T., and Moullec, Y. (2017). A QoS Optimization Approach in Cognitive Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040780"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"272869","article-title":"A Cognitive-radio-based Method for Improving Availability in Body Sensor Networks","volume":"11","author":"Garrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chepuri, S.P., de Francisco, R., and Leus, G. (2011, January 28\u201331). Performance Evaluation of an IEEE 802.15.4 Cognitive Radio Link in the 2360-2400 MHz Band. Proceedings of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico.","DOI":"10.1109\/WCNC.2011.5779466"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nhan, N.Q., Gautier, M., and Berder, O. (2014, January 9\u201312). Asynchronous MAC protocol for spectrum agility in Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM), Oulu, Finland.","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.crowncom.2014.255287"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9189","DOI":"10.3390\/s150409189","article-title":"A Survey of MAC Protocols for Cognitive Radio Body Area Networks","volume":"15","author":"Bhandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Le, T.T.T., Pan, S., and Moh, S. (2017, January 17\u201319). Link Scheduling for Cognitive Radio Body Area Networks. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Smart Media and Applications (SMA 2017), Boracay, Philippines."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/2013RS005319","article-title":"A Review of Radio Channel Models for Body Centric Communications","volume":"49","author":"Cotton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z.H., Nechayev, Y., and Hall, P. (2010, January 20\u201323). Measurements and statistical analysis of the transmission channel between two wireless body area networks at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Proceedings of the 2010 Conference Proceedings ICECom, 20th International Conference on Applied Electromagnetics and Communications, Dubrovnik, Croatia.","DOI":"10.1109\/LAPC.2010.5666196"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zurita Ares, B., Park, P.G., Fischione, C., Speranzon, A., and Johansson, K.H. (20017, January 2\u20135). On Power Control for Wireless Sensor Networks: System Model, Middleware Component and Experimental Evaluation. Proceedings of the 2007 European Control Conference (ECC), Kos, Greece.","DOI":"10.23919\/ECC.2007.7069054"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.04.001","article-title":"Primary Radio User Activity Models for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey","volume":"43","author":"Saleem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Q., Liu, J., Yu, H., Ma, Z., Li, M., Shen, Z., and Chen, C. (2013, January 12\u201314). Adaptive Cognitive Enhanced Platform for WBAN. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC), Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCChina.2013.6671208"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salim, S., and Moh, S. (2016). An Energy-efficient Game-theory-based Spectrum Decision Scheme for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071009"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abo-Zahhad, M., Farrag, M., Ali, A., and Amin, O. (2015, January 24\u201326). An energy consumption model for wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Energy Aware Computing Systems & Applications, Cairo, Egypt.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEAC.2015.7352200"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1640\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:43:18Z","timestamp":1760186598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s19071640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19071640","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]]}}}