{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T16:27:39Z","timestamp":1772468859726,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BFU2016-75609-P (AEI\/FEDER, EU)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BFU2016-75609-P (AEI\/FEDER, EU)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTQ2016-76231-C2-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTQ2016-76231-C2-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011698","name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBPLY\/17\/180501\/000276\/2 (cofunded with FEDER funds, EU)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY\/17\/180501\/000276\/2 (cofunded with FEDER funds, EU)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (Youth Employment Initiative, cofunded with ESF funds, EU)","award":["Grant BGM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant BGM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has extraordinarily grown in the last years. In this paper, conductive inks from scrapped SPEs were removed by acid leaching, providing high value feedstocks suitable for the electrochemical deposition of Ag, Pt and Ag core-Pt shell-like bimetallic (AgPt) nanoparticles, onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (ML@SPCEs, M = Ag, Pt or AgPt, L = metal nanoparticles from leaching solutions). ML@SPCEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were compared to those obtained when metal nanoparticles were synthesised using standard solutions of metal salts (MS@SPCEs). Both ML@SPCEs and MS@SPCEs exhibited similar cyclic voltammetric patterns referred to the electrochemical stripping of silver or the adsorption\/desorption of hydrogen\/anions in the case of platinum, proving leaching solutions extremely effective for the electrodeposition of metallic nanoparticles. The use of both ML@SPCEs and MS@SPCEs proved effective in enhancing the sensitivity for the detection of H2O2 in phosphate buffer solutions (pH = 7). The AgPtL@SPCE was used as proof of concept for the validation of an amperometric sensor for the determination of H2O2 within laundry boosters and antiseptic samples. The electrochemical sensor gave good agreement with the results obtained by a spectrophotometric method with H2O2 recoveries between 100.6% and 106.4%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T05:58:07Z","timestamp":1554789487000},"page":"1685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Design and Characterization of Effective Ag, Pt and AgPt Nanoparticles to H2O2 Electrosensing from Scrapped Printed Electrodes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-9937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"G\u00f3mez-Monedero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s\/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s\/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Iniesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0193-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jer\u00f3nimo","family":"Agrisuelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8636-4574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edelmira","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s\/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2007.12.044","article-title":"Electrochemical characterization of screen-printed and conventional carbon paste electrodes","volume":"53","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16534","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC06909B","article-title":"In situ detection of salicylate in Ocimum basilicum plant leaves via reverse iontophoresis","volume":"51","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2005.03.014","article-title":"A disposable electrochemical sensor for the rapid determination of levodopa","volume":"39","author":"Bergamini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.12.085","article-title":"Low-cost screen-printed electrodes based on electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-carbon black nanocomposites for dopamine, epinephrine and paracetamol detection","volume":"515","author":"Wilson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(02)00104-8","article-title":"Review of the use of biosensors as analytical tools in the food and drink industries","volume":"77","author":"Mello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1081\/AL-120030682","article-title":"Some recent designs and developments of screen-printed carbon electrochemical sensors\/biosensors for biomedical, environmental, and industrial analyses","volume":"37","author":"Hart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.7b00345","article-title":"Recycling metals from spent screen-printed electrodes while learning the fundamentals of electrochemical sensing","volume":"95","author":"Agrisuelas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.5b00096","article-title":"Fabrication of metal nanoparticle-modified screen printed carbon electrodes for the evaluation of hydrogen peroxide content in teeth whitening strips","volume":"92","author":"Popa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-015-1651-0","article-title":"Screen-printed electrodes for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ions: A review","volume":"183","author":"Barton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-S\u00e1nchez, M.I., Valero, E., and Compton, R.G. (2016). Iodine mediated electrochemical detection of thiols in plant extracts using platinum screen-printed electrodes. Sens. Actuators B Chem., 236.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.05.152"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.09.032","article-title":"Waste printed circuit board recycling techniques and product utilization","volume":"283","author":"Hadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.11.024","article-title":"Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables near an e-waste processing site, south China","volume":"186","author":"Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"European Commission (2017). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the Euorpean Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials for the EU, European Commission."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.3390\/s120201657","article-title":"V Noble metal nanoparticles for biosensing applications","volume":"12","author":"Doria","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.07.026","article-title":"Galvanostatic electrodeposition of copper nanoparticles on screen-printed carbon electrodes and their application for reducing sugars determination","volume":"175","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7934","DOI":"10.20964\/2016.09.11","article-title":"Electrochemically activated screen printed carbon electrode decorated with nickel nano particles for the detection of glucose in human serum and human urine sample","volume":"11","author":"Kubendhiran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.04.136","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on in situ grown Pt nanoparticles from waste screen-printed electrodes","volume":"249","author":"Agrisuelas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.06.006","article-title":"A miniaturized electrochemical system for high sensitive determination of chromium(VI) by screen-printed carbon electrode with gold nanoparticles modification","volume":"272","author":"Tu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AN00167J","article-title":"Can the mechanical activation (polishing) of screen-printed electrodes enhance their electroanalytical response?","volume":"141","author":"Cumba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2018.05.002","article-title":"Highly activated screen-printed carbon electrodes by electrochemical treatment with hydrogen peroxide","volume":"91","author":"Agrisuelas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2009.04.006","article-title":"Enhancement of electrochemical properties of screen-printed carbon electrodes by oxygen plasma treatment","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.11.005","article-title":"Bimetallic core\u2014Shell Ag@Pt nanoparticle-decorated MWNT electrodes for amperometric H2 sensors and direct methanol fuel cells","volume":"208","author":"Rashid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2013.09.008","article-title":"Synthesis of core-shell silver-platinum nanoparticles, improving shell integrity","volume":"441","author":"Wojtysiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.03.035","article-title":"Rapid synthesis of platinum-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed on carbon support as improved electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation","volume":"521","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2016.11.062","article-title":"Structure, surface chemistry and electrochemical de-alloying of bimetallic PtxAg100-x nanoparticles: Quantifying the changes in the surface properties for adsorption and electrocatalytic transformation upon selective Ag removal","volume":"793","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.06.039","article-title":"Evolving trends in bio\/chemical sensor fabrication incorporating bimetallic nanoparticles","volume":"117","author":"Mandal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.02.016","article-title":"Gold-copper bimetallic nanoparticles supported on nano P zeolite modified carbon paste electrode as an efficient electrocatalyst and sensitive sensor for determination of hydrazine","volume":"107","author":"Amiripour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-012-0904-4","article-title":"Electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide using metal nanoparticles: A review","volume":"180","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4109(200208)14:14<981::AID-ELAN981>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Analytical performance of a glucose biosensor prepared by immobilization of glucose oxidase and different metals into a carbon paste electrode","volume":"14","author":"Miscoria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2017.08.005","article-title":"Pt-MWCNT modified carbon electrode strip for rapid and quantitative detection of H2O2 in food","volume":"26","author":"Chou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-005-3205-5","article-title":"Silver nanoparticle assemblies supported on glassy-carbon electrodes for the electro-analytical detection of hydrogen peroxide","volume":"382","author":"Welch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.12.037","article-title":"Bimetallic PtM (M = Pd, Ir) nanoparticle decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube enzyme-free, mediator-less amperometric sensor for H2O2","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2011.06.036","article-title":"Nanoporous PtAg and PtCu alloys with hollow ligaments for enhanced electrocatalysis and glucose biosensing","volume":"27","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.03.030","article-title":"Novel snowflake-like Pt\u2013Pd bimetallic clusters on screen-printed gold nanofilm electrode for H2O2 and glucose sensing","volume":"36","author":"Niu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.3390\/s150202709","article-title":"High sensitive and selective sensing of hydrogen peroxide released from pheochromocytoma cells based on Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles electrodeposited on reduced graphene sheets","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, F.W., and Compton, R.G. (2010). The use of nanoparticles in electroanalysis: An updated review. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 241\u2013259.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3063-7"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2011.12.017","article-title":"Anionically cross linked homopolymer colloids applied in formation of platinum nanoparticles","volume":"369","author":"Tangeysh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201600797","article-title":"Measurement of total antioxidant capacity by electrogenerated iodine at disposable screen printed electrodes","volume":"29","author":"Agrisuelas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2012.11.012","article-title":"Hydrometallurgical recovery\/recycling of platinum by the leaching of spent catalysts: A review","volume":"133","author":"Jha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02663143","article-title":"Kinetics of the dissolution of pure silver and silver-gold alloys in nitric acid solution","volume":"24","author":"Segarra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Metall. Trans. B"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-003-1783-7","article-title":"Determination of platinum(IV) by UV spectrophotometry","volume":"375","author":"Georgieva","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2012). Pierce Biotechnology Pierce\u00ae Quantitative Peroxide Assay Kits, Thermo Fisher Scientific."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(72)90451-4","article-title":"Enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase at 25 \u00b0C (with molar extinction coefficients of H2O2 solutions in the UV)","volume":"49","author":"Nelson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.05.094","article-title":"Morphology control of noble metal catalysts from planar to dendritic shapes by galvanic displacement","volume":"217","author":"Baek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Pomerantsev, A.L. (2005). Inverse problem in potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance. Progress in Chemometrics Research, Nova Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12023","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide in Arabidopsis thaliana: A real-time marker of oxidative stress","volume":"36","author":"Valero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.02.052","article-title":"A wide linear range and stable H2O2 electrochemical sensor based on Ag decorated hierarchical Sn3O4","volume":"231","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4686(98)00332-6","article-title":"Platinum electrodeposition on graphite: Electrochemical study and STM imaging","volume":"44","author":"Gloaguen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Haynes, W.M. (2011). Electrochemical series. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4884","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr00898c","article-title":"The anodic stripping voltammetry of nanoparticles: Electrochemical evidence for the surface agglomeration of silver nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Toh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1685\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:43:53Z","timestamp":1760186633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/7\/1685"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s19071685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19071685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]}}}