{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:53:49Z","timestamp":1777658029626,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Brain Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT &amp; Future Planning","award":["2016M3C7A1904984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M3C7A1904984"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In practical rehabilitation robot development, it is imperative to pre-specify the critical workspace to prevent redundant structure. This study aimed to characterize the upper extremity motion during essential activities in daily living. An IMU-based wearable motion capture system was used to access arm movements. Ten healthy subjects performed the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and six pre-selected essential daily activities. The Euler angles of the major joints, and acceleration from wrist and hand sensors were acquired and analyzed. The size of the workspace for the ARAT was 0.53 (left-right) \u00d7 0.92 (front-back) \u00d7 0.89 (up-down) m for the dominant hand. For the daily activities, the workspace size was 0.71 \u00d7 0.70 \u00d7 0.86 m for the dominant hand, significantly larger than the non-dominant hand (p \u2264 0.011). The average range of motion (RoM) during ARAT was 109.15 \u00b1 18.82\u00b0 for elbow flexion\/extension, 105.23 \u00b1 5.38\u00b0 for forearm supination\/pronation, 91.99 \u00b1 0.98\u00b0 for shoulder internal\/external rotation, and 82.90 \u00b1 22.52\u00b0 for wrist dorsiflexion\/volarflexion, whereas the corresponding range for daily activities were 120.61 \u00b1 23.64\u00b0, 128.09 \u00b1 22.04\u00b0, 111.56 \u00b1 31.88\u00b0, and 113.70 \u00b1 18.26\u00b0. The shoulder joint was more abducted and extended during pinching compared to grasping posture (p &lt; 0.001). Reaching from a grasping posture required approximately 70\u00b0 elbow extension and 36\u00b0 forearm supination from the initial position. The study results provide an important database for the workspace and RoM for essential arm movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19081782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T11:15:58Z","timestamp":1555326958000},"page":"1782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Inertial Measurement Unit Based Upper Extremity Motion Characterization for Action Research Arm Test and Activities of Daily Living"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2210-7170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung Seok","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Hyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6904-7542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Gil","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moon Suk","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9318-849X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2995-5","article-title":"Effects of robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Bertani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. 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