{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:20:44Z","timestamp":1781713244958,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]],"date-time":"2019-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National major R &amp; D program","award":["2018YFB0904900, 2018YFB0904905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFB0904900, 2018YFB0904905"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan sci &amp; tech basic research condition platform project","award":["No.2018TJPT0041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2018TJPT0041"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. 61572114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. 61572114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan sci &amp; tech service development project","award":["No.18KJFWSF0368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.18KJFWSF0368"]}]},{"name":"Hunan Provincial Nature Science Foundation Project","award":["2018JJ2535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018JJ2535"]}]},{"name":"Chile CONICYT FONDECYT Regular Project","award":["1181809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1181809"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a clustering based physical-layer authentication scheme (CPAS) to overcome the drawback of traditional cipher-based authentication schemes that suffer from heavy costs and are limited by energy-constrained intelligent devices. CPAS is a novel cross-layer secure authentication approach for edge computing system with asymmetric resources. The CPAS scheme combines clustering and lightweight symmetric cipher with physical-layer channel state information to provide two-way authentication between terminals and edge devices. By taking advantage of temporal and spatial uniqueness in physical layer channel responses, the non-cryptographic physical layer authentication techniques can achieve fast authentication. The lightweight symmetric cipher initiates user authentication at the start of a session to establish the trust connection. Based on theoretical analysis, the CPAS scheme is secure and simple, but there is no trusted party, while it can also resist small integer attacks, replay attacks, and spoofing attacks. Besides, experimental results show that the proposed scheme can boost the total success rate of access authentication and decrease the data frame loss rate, without notable increase in authentication latencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19081926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T03:02:59Z","timestamp":1556161379000},"page":"1926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Clustering Based Physical-Layer Authentication in Edge Computing Systems with Asymmetric Resources"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4720-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 833-0072, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPRI, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPRI, China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2724642","article-title":"A feedback control-based crowd dynamics management in IoT system","volume":"4","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2694469","article-title":"A survey on network methodologies for real-time analytics of massive IoT data and open research issues","volume":"19","author":"Verma","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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