{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:39:17Z","timestamp":1774301957399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,5]],"date-time":"2019-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["338040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["667192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["667192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>[1-13C]pyruvate, the most widely used compound in dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) magnetic resonance (MR), enables the visualization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. This activity had been demonstrated in a wide variety of cancer models, ranging from cultured cells, to xenograft models, to human tumors in situ. Here we quantified the LDH activity in precision cut tumor slices (PCTS) of breast cancer xenografts. The Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) cell-line was chosen as a model for the luminal breast cancer type which is hormone responsive and is highly prevalent. The LDH activity, which was manifested as [1-13C]lactate production in the tumor slices, ranged between 3.8 and 6.1 nmole\/nmole adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) in 1 min (average 4.6 \u00b1 1.0) on three different experimental set-ups consisting of arrested vs. continuous perfusion and non-selective and selective RF pulsation schemes and combinations thereof. This rate was converted to an expected LDH activity in a mass ranging between 3.3 and 5.2 \u00b5mole\/g in 1 min, using the ATP level of these tumors. This indicated the likely utility of this approach in clinical dDNP of the human breast and may be useful as guidance for treatment response assessment in a large number of tumor types and therapies ex vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1557400955000},"page":"2089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["In-Cell Determination of Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in a Luminal Breast Cancer Model \u2013 ex vivo Investigation of Excised Xenograft Tumor Slices Using dDNP Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Adler-Levy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6321-1233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atara","family":"Nardi-Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Shaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"Sivaranjan","family":"Uppala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6267-5933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gal","family":"Sapir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"Naama","family":"Lev-Cohain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Sosna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2940-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shraga Nahum","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"given":"J. Moshe","family":"Gomori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4850-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Katz-Brull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","article-title":"Molecular portraits of human breast tumours","volume":"406","author":"Perou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000475698","article-title":"St. Gallen\/Vienna 2017: A brief summary of the consensus discussion about escalation and de-escalation of primary breast cancer treatment","volume":"12","author":"Gnant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Breast Care"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv221","article-title":"Tailoring therapies--improving the management of early breast cancer: St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2015","volume":"26","author":"Coates","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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