{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:15:34Z","timestamp":1784261734461,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Research Registry, and Developmental Pilot Grant","award":["NIH P30 AG024826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH P30 AG024826"]}]},{"name":"Pittsburgh Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Research Registry, and Developmental Pilot Grant","award":["NIH P30 AG024827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH P30 AG024827"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH108467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH108467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN271201100605P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100605P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-AG-000181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-AG-000181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wearable accelerometers have recently become a standalone tool for the objective assessment of physical activity (PA). In free-living studies, accelerometers are placed by protocol on a pre-defined body location (e.g., non-dominant wrist). However, the protocol is not always followed, e.g., the sensor can be moved between wrists or reattached in a different orientation. Such protocol violations often result in PA miscalculation. We propose an approach, PLOE (\u201cPlacement, Location and Orientation Evaluation method\u201d), to determine the sensor position using statistical features from the raw accelerometer measurements. We compare the estimated position with the study protocol and identify discrepancies. We apply PLOE to the measurements collected from 45 older adults who wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the left and right wrist for seven days. We found that 15.6% of participants who wore accelerometers violated the protocol for one or more days. The sensors were worn on the wrong hand during 6.9% of the days of simultaneous wearing of devices. During the periods of discrepancies, the daily PA was miscalculated by more than 20%. Our findings show that correct placement of the device has a significant effect on the PA estimates. These results demonstrate a need for the evaluation of sensor position.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1557400955000},"page":"2095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["On Placement, Location and Orientation of Wrist-Worn Tri-Axial Accelerometers during Free-Living Measurements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Straczkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2265-0162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy W.","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3070-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Harezlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000844","article-title":"Performance of activity classification algorithms in free-living older adults","volume":"48","author":"Sasaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. 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