{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T11:13:42Z","timestamp":1763810022819,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61871098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61871098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mass sensitivity plays a crucial role in the practical application of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs)-based quantitative analysis. n-m type QCMs have many applications, so it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the mass sensitivity and the electrode of the n-m type QCM. The performance of gold-plated films with different electrodes was studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The results show that the mass sensitivity on the surface of the n electrode and the surface of the m electrode are essentially the same. Meanwhile, the mass sensitivity of n-m type QCMs varies with the diameter of the n and m electrodes. When the diameter of the n electrode is close to half the diameter of the m electrode, mass sensitivity is at maximum value. These results are important for the further designs and applications of n-m type QCMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1557400955000},"page":"2125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Investigation on Mass Sensitivity of N-M Type Electrode Quartz Crystal Microbalance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2022-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.8.10","article-title":"Impact of surface wettability on s-layer recrystallization: A real-time characterization by QCM-D","volume":"8","author":"Iturri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beilstein. J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2015.09.003","article-title":"Detection of AU(III) ions using a poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-coated QCM sensor","volume":"146","author":"Tokuyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8068","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901267b","article-title":"170-MHz electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance biosensor: Capability and limitation of higher frequency measurement","volume":"81","author":"Ogi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b04208","article-title":"Silicic Acid-Mediated Formation of Tannic Acid Nanocoatings","volume":"35","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chappanda, N.K., Tchalala, R.M., Shekhah, O., Surya, G.S., Eddaoudi, M., and Salama, N.K. (2018). A Comparative Study of Interdigitated Electrode and Quartz Crystal Microbalance Transduction Techniques for Metal\u2013Organic Framework-Based Acetone Sensors. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113898"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01498H","article-title":"QCM-nanomagnetic beads biosensor for lead ion detection","volume":"143","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2018.04.026","article-title":"High fundamental frequency quartz crystal microbalance (HFF-QCM) immunosensor for pesticide detection in honey","volume":"92","author":"March","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez, R., Garcia, P., Garcia, M., Garcia, J.V., Jimenez, Y., and Arnau, A. (2017). Design and validation of a 150 MHz HFFQCM sensor for bio-sensing applications. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17092057"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.11.002","article-title":"A piezoelectric immunosensor for the rapid detection of p16 INK4a expression in liquid-based cervical cytology specimens","volume":"224","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esmeryan, K.D., Ganeva, R.R., Stamenov, G.S., and Chaushev, T.A. (2019). Superhydrophobic Soot Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalances: A Novel Platform for Human Spermatozoa Quality Assessment. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19010123"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00009a009","article-title":"Radial mass sensitivity of the quartz crystal microbalance in liquid media","volume":"63","author":"Ward","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.08.083","article-title":"Electrochemically growth of Pd doped ZnO nanorods on QCM for room temperature VOC sensors","volume":"222","author":"Penza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.06.119","article-title":"QCM chemical sensor based on ZnO colloid spheres for the alcohols","volume":"203","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.073","article-title":"An artful method for in-situ assessment of the anti-biofouling potential of various functional coatings using a quartz crystal microbalance","volume":"243","author":"Esmeryan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9706032","article-title":"Analysis of the radial dependence of mass sensitivity for modified-electrode quartz crystal resonators","volume":"70","author":"Josse","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"206","article-title":"Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance","volume":"155","author":"Sauerbrey","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2013.2788","article-title":"The modified design of ring electrode quartz crystal resonator for uniform mass sensitivity distribution","volume":"60","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00045a014","article-title":"Scanning electrochemical mass sensitivity mapping of the quartz crystal microbalance in liquid media","volume":"64","author":"Hillier","year":"1992","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., and Huang, X.H. (2015, January 29\u201331). The influence of electrode geometry on mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical, Computer Engineering and Electronics (ICECEE 2015), Jinan, China.","DOI":"10.2991\/icecee-15.2015.61"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2009.2030658","article-title":"Patterned Electrodes for Thickness Shear Mode Quartz Resonators to Achieve Uniform Mass Sensitivity Distribution","volume":"9","author":"Anthony","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1838291","article-title":"Effect of current distribution on quartz crystal microbalance measurements","volume":"145","author":"Kelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Yao, Y., and Shi, Y. (2018). Performance Enhancement of Interdigital Electrode-Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal (IDE-PQC) Salt Concentration Sensor by Increasing the Electrode Area of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal (PQC). Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103224"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1109\/58.726433","article-title":"Comments on the effects of nonuniform mass loading on a quartz crystal microbalance","volume":"45","author":"Ballato","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1145993","article-title":"Local sensitivity of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance: Spatial localization of the low frequency mode","volume":"66","author":"Oltra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2018.2860597","article-title":"The exploration and confirmation of the maximum mass sensitivity of quartz crystal microbalance","volume":"65","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.25.1069","article-title":"Laser response of a quartz crystal microbalance: Frequency changes induced by light irradiation in the air phase","volume":"25","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X.H., Bai, Q.S., Hu, J.G., and Hou, D. (2017). A practical model of quartz crystal microbalance in actual applications. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17081785"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/9\/2125\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:50:04Z","timestamp":1760187004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/9\/2125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s19092125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19092125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]}}}