{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T13:10:45Z","timestamp":1769692245259,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662018PY081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662018PY081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, a portable electronic nose, that was independently developed, was employed to detect and classify a fish meal of different qualities. SPME-GC-MS (solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry) analysis of fish meal was presented. Due to the large amount of data of the original features detected by the electronic nose, a reasonable selection of the original features was necessary before processing, so as to reduce the dimension. The integral value, wavelet energy value, maximum gradient value, average differential value, relation steady-state response average value and variance value were selected as six different characteristic parameters, to study fish meal samples with different storage time grades. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and five recognition modes, which included the multilayer perceptron neural network classification method, random forest classification method, k nearest neighbor algorithm, support vector machine algorithm, and Bayesian classification method, were employed for the classification. The result showed that the RF classification method had the highest accuracy rate for the classification algorithm. The highest accuracy rate for distinguishing fish meal samples with different qualities was achieved using the integral value, stable value, and average differential value. The lowest accuracy rate for distinguishing fish meal samples with different qualities was achieved using the maximum gradient value. This finding shows that the electronic nose can identify fish meal samples with different storage times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T11:22:35Z","timestamp":1557400955000},"page":"2146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Research on Distinguishing Fish Meal Quality Using Different Characteristic Parameters Based on Electronic Nose Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zouhong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyi","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hequn","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyou","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2012.06.003","article-title":"A limited supply of fishmeal: Impact on future increases in global aquaculture production","volume":"27","author":"Olsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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