{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:42:37Z","timestamp":1780576957159,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11602040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11602040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11632004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11632004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U1864208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1864208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2017jcyjBX0063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2017jcyjBX0063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFE0125900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFE0125900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A pulse laser combined LWT technique with a two-stage reconstruction algorithm was proposed to realize rapid damage location, or even the evaluation of damage size for plate-like structures. Since the amplitude of Lamb waves in propagation is highly sensitive to damage, including inside damage, the change of the attenuation coefficient of Lamb waves in the inspection region was used as a damage index to reconstruct damage images. In stage one, the rough area of the damage was identified by a comparison of the amplitude of the testing signal data and reference data (undamaged state). In stage two, the damage image was reconstructed using an inverse approach based on the least-square method. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed rapid approach, experiments on an aluminum plate with a non-penetrating notch and a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminated plate with internal delamination induced by a low-velocity impact were carried out. The results show that the notch can be detected with accurate location, and the delamination image can be reconstructed successfully.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19092180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T03:57:07Z","timestamp":1557719827000},"page":"2180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An Inverse Approach of Damage Identification Using Lamb Wave Tomography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yaolu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Heterogeneous Material Mechanics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiming","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6444-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, K.A., Raisutis, R., and Samaitis, V. (2017). Hybrid signal processing technique to improve the defect estimation in ultrasonic non-destructive testing of composite structures. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122858"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, K.A., and Raisutis, R. (2018). Identification and characterization of defects in glass fiber reinforced plastic by refining the guided Lamb waves. Materials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma11071173"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.03.008","article-title":"Damage imaging of composite structures using multipath scattering Lamb waves","volume":"216","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ndteint.2019.03.001","article-title":"Identification of delamination based on the Lamb wave scattering resonance frequencies","volume":"103","author":"Eremin","year":"2019","journal-title":"NDT E Int."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Grangeat, P. (2013). Tomography, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nathan, B., and Vladimir, Y. (2018). Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Tomography: Direct and Inverse Problems in Practical Applications, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429488276"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Jansen, D.P., and Hutchins, D.A. (1990, January 4\u20137). Lamb wave tomography. Proceedings of the IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Honolulu, HI, USA."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Su, Z., and Lin, Y. (2009). Identification of Damage using Lamb Waves: From Fundamentals to Applications, Springer."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-624X(93)90039-3","article-title":"Lamb-wave tomography using non-contact transduction","volume":"31","author":"Hutchins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-624X(94)90015-9","article-title":"Lamb wave tomography of advanced composite laminates containing damage","volume":"32","author":"Jansen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1121\/1.428088","article-title":"Parallel projection and crosshole Lamb wave contact scanning tomography","volume":"106","author":"McKeon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1289663","article-title":"Fan beam and double crosshole Lamb wave tomography for mapping flaws in aging aircraft structures","volume":"108","author":"Malyarenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/18\/6\/322","article-title":"Ultrasonic Lamb wave tomography","volume":"18","author":"Leonard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/20\/6\/012","article-title":"Automatic multi-mode Lamb wave arrival time extraction for improved tomographic reconstruction","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2004.12.006","article-title":"Lamb wave tomography of pipe-like structures","volume":"43","author":"Leonard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, W., and Jiang, X. (2016). Multi-mode electromagnetic ultrasonic Lamb wave tomography imaging for variable-depth defects in metal plates. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050628"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1515\/secm-2015-0399","article-title":"A time-of-flight revising approach to improve the image quality of Lamb wave tomography for the detection of defects in composite panels","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2016.2583410","article-title":"Experimental studies of the inspection of areas with restricted access using A0 Lamb wave tomography","volume":"63","author":"Seher","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s42417-018-0032-5","article-title":"Probabilistic diagnostic algorithm-based damage detection for plates with non-uniform sections using the improved weight function","volume":"6","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vib. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-624X(01)00055-5","article-title":"Ultrasonic Lamb wave diffraction tomography","volume":"39","author":"Malyarenko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1109\/TUFFC.2010.1559","article-title":"Guided wave diffraction tomography within the born approximation","volume":"57","author":"Belanger","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.12989\/eas.2015.8.4.821","article-title":"A two-stage approach for quantitative damage imaging in metallic plates using Lamb waves","volume":"8","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Earthq. Struct."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2015.01.001","article-title":"An extended diffraction tomography method for quantifying structural damage using numerical Green\u2019s functions","volume":"59","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2016.12.005","article-title":"A diagnostic imaging approach for online characterization of multi-impact in aircraft composite structures based on a scanning spatial-wavenumber filter of guided wave","volume":"90","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095002","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6420\/aaca8f","article-title":"A transdimensional Bayesian approach to ultrasonic travel-time tomography for non-destructive testing","volume":"34","author":"Tant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inverse Probl."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105014","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/20\/10\/105014","article-title":"A time reversal focusing based impact imaging method and its evaluation on complex composite structures","volume":"20","author":"Qiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"37","article-title":"A new inverse algorithm for tomographic reconstruction of damage images using Lamb waves","volume":"26","author":"Morii","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Con."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2014.05.011","article-title":"Tomographic reconstruction of damage images in hollow cylinders using Lamb waves","volume":"54","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125005","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/20\/12\/125005","article-title":"Probability-based diagnostic imaging using hybrid features extracted from ultrasonic Lamb wave signals","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Smart Mater. Struct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1981.1163528","article-title":"Direct Fourier reconstruction in computer tomography","volume":"29","author":"Stark","year":"1981","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/49\/24\/007","article-title":"Fan-beam and cone-beam image reconstruction via filtering the back-projection image of differentiated projection data","volume":"49","author":"Zhuang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Boil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1080\/17415977.2015.1034121","article-title":"Back-projection inversion of a conical radon transform","volume":"24","author":"Cebeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(70)90109-8","article-title":"Algebraic Reconstruction Techniques (ART) for three-dimensional electron microscopy and X-ray photography","volume":"29","author":"Gordon","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(72)90180-4","article-title":"Iterative methods for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an object from projections","volume":"36","author":"Gilbert","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2004.09.016","article-title":"Structural health monitoring of composite structures using stress wave methods","volume":"67","author":"Rosalie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/17415977.2017.1340946","article-title":"New iterative reconstruction methods for fan-beam tomography","volume":"26","author":"Kazantsev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Ultrasonic CT reconstruction based on improved maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electron. Meas. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"2716","article-title":"Low-dose computed tomography reconstruction algorithm based on patch similarity and maximum likelihood expectation maximization","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Comput. Appl."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/9\/2180\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:50:59Z","timestamp":1760187059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/9\/2180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s19092180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19092180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]}}}