{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:02:52Z","timestamp":1777658572945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PON03PE_00135_1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON03PE_00135_1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work reports on the use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors integrated with innovative composite items of aircraft landing gear for strain\/stress monitoring. Recently, the introduction of innovative structures in aeronautical applications is appealing with two main goals: (i) to decrease the weight and cost of current items; and (ii) to increase the mechanical resistance, if possible. However, the introduction of novel structures in the aeronautical field demands experimentation and certification regarding their mechanical resistance. In this work, we successfully investigate the possibility to use Fiber Bragg Grating sensors for the structural health monitoring of innovative composite items for the landing gear. Several FBG strain sensors have been integrated in different locations of the composite item including region with high bending radius. To optimize the localization of the FBG sensors, load condition was studied by Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical analysis. Several experimental tests have been done in range 0\u201370 kN by means of a hydraulic press. Obtained results are in very good agreement with the numerical ones and demonstrate the great potentialities of FBG sensor technology to be employed for remote and real-time load measurements on aircraft landing gears and to act as early warning systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T11:37:40Z","timestamp":1557920260000},"page":"2239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Strain Monitoring of a Composite Drag Strut in Aircraft Landing Gear by Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3540-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostino","family":"Iadicicco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infratel Italia S.p.A, 00187 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9757-8228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Di Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Spinaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnaghi Aeronautica SpA, via Galileo Ferraris, 76, 80142 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Apicella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnaghi Aeronautica SpA, via Galileo Ferraris, 76, 80142 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2987-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Campopiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u201cParthenope\u201d, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.07.218","article-title":"Using Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in Smart Aircraft Structure Materials","volume":"41","author":"Ramly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker, A., and Scott, M. 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