{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:40:12Z","timestamp":1768876812974,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A copper sulfide nanoflakes-decorated carbon nanofragments-modified glassy carbon electrode (CuS-CNF\/GCE) was fabricated for the electrocatalytic differentiation and determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC). The physicochemical properties of the CuS-CNF were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic determination of HQ and CC over the CuS-CNF\/GCE was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. An excellent detection limit and sensitivity of the CuS-CNF\/GCE are obtained (0.293 \u00b5M and 0.259 \u00b5M) with a sensitivity of 184 nA \u00b5M\u22121 cm\u22122 and 208 nA \u00b5M\u22121 cm\u22122 (S\/N=3) for HQ and CC, respectively. In addition, the CuS-CNF\/GCE shows a selective identification of HQ and CC over potential interfering metal ions (Zn2+, Na+, K+, NO3\u2212, SO42\u2212, Cl\u2212) and organic compounds (ascorbic acid, glucose), and a satisfactory recovery is also obtained in the spiked water samples. These results suggest that the CuS-CNF\/GCE can be used as an efficient electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of co-existing environmental pollutants such as HQ and CC in water environments with high selectivity and acceptable reproducibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T11:06:46Z","timestamp":1558091206000},"page":"2289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["3D-Flower-Like Copper Sulfide Nanoflake-Decorated Carbon Nanofragments-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for Simultaneous Electrocatalytic Sensing of Co-existing Hydroquinone and Catechol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lina Abdullah","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Liqiong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Yanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Shengming","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-1861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Palanivel","family":"Sathishkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Balasubramaniam","family":"Saravanakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Junmin","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]},{"given":"Feng Long","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1021\/jo702327m","article-title":"Polyfunctional tetrazolic thioethers through electrooxidative\/Michael-type sequential reactions of 1,2- and 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes with 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole","volume":"73","author":"Khodaei","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0012750","article-title":"Solid-phase microextraction using fused-silica fibers coated with sol-gel-derived hydroxy-crown ether","volume":"73","author":"Zeng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1021\/tx010121s","article-title":"Catechol and hydroquinone have different redox properties responsible for their differential DNA-damaging ability","volume":"15","author":"Hirakawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"S. Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6089","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY00848D","article-title":"Highly sensitive simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol based on carbon dot\/reduced graphene oxide composite modified electrodes","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2014.07.043","article-title":"Screen-printed prussian blue modified electrode for simultaneous detection of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"203","author":"Buleandra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1039\/C1AN15945C","article-title":"A high-performance and simple method for rapid and simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers","volume":"137","author":"Quan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.01.002","article-title":"An electrochemical sensor based on copper-based metal-organic frameworks-graphene composites for determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in water","volume":"181","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2018.02.029","article-title":"Efficient detection of hazardous catechol and hydroquinone with MOF-rGO modified carbon paste electrode","volume":"353","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(01)00438-6","article-title":"A sensitive and selective spectrophotometric estimation of catechol derivatives in pharmaceutical preparations","volume":"55","author":"Nagaraja","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2005.12.050","article-title":"Determination of phenol, resorcinol and hydroquinone in air samples by synchronous fluorescence using partial least-squares (PLS)","volume":"69","author":"Pistonesi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.12.016","article-title":"Synthesis and application of bismuth ferrite nanosheets supported functionalized carbon nanofiber for enhanced electrochemical detection of toxic organic compound in water samples","volume":"514","author":"Ramaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AY02718D","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol using a glassy carbon electrode modified with Au@Pd loaded on reduced graphene oxide","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2017.06.061","article-title":"Simultaneous and sensitive electrochemical detection of dihydroxybenzene isomers with UiO-66 metal-organic framework\/mesoporous carbon","volume":"174","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.02.013","article-title":"One-pot hydrothermal synthesis carbon nanocages-reduced graphene oxide composites for simultaneous electrochemical detection of catechol and hydroquinone","volume":"212","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AY02981K","article-title":"A carbon nanofibers-Sm2O3 nanocomposite: a novel electrochemical platform for simultaneously detecting two isomers of dihydroxybenzene","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2017.12.019","article-title":"Nickel oxide\/carbon nanotube nanocomposites prepared by atomic layer deposition for electrochemical sensing of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"808","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AY02559A","article-title":"Electrochemical behavior and simultaneous determination of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone using thermally reduced carbon nano-fragment modified glassy carbon electrode","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.03.069","article-title":"Multifunctional solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensing platform based on poly(ethylenimine) capped N-doped carbon dots as novel co-reactant","volume":"89","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2016.11.052","article-title":"Graphene-like carbon nanosheets as a new electrode material for electrochemical determination of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"164","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.03.112","article-title":"Electrochemical preparation of activated graphene oxide for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"500","author":"Velmurugan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ay26603f","article-title":"Electrocatalytic oxidation and simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone at a novel carbon nano-fragment modified glassy carbon electrode","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2018.03.004","article-title":"Copper oxide and carbon nano-fragments modified glassy carbon electrode as selective electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone in real-life water samples","volume":"815","author":"Alshahrani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2016.02.046","article-title":"Fabrication and applications of copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructures","volume":"238","author":"Shamraiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Solid State Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1021\/cg060134+","article-title":"Hydrothermal growth of CuS nanowires from Cu\u2212Dithiooxamide, a novel single-source precursor","volume":"6","author":"Roy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cryst. Growth Des."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2013.10.028","article-title":"An efficient and transparent copper sulfide nanosheet film counter electrode for bifacial quantum dot-sensitized solar cells","volume":"248","author":"Ke","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1039\/b814725f","article-title":"CuS nanotubes for ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensors","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.02.147","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and electrochemical properties of a graphene-like carbon nano-fragment material","volume":"130","author":"Zuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1021\/am404829g","article-title":"Controlled synthesis and catalytic activity of copper sulfide nanostructured assemblies with different morphologies","volume":"6","author":"Kundu","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.06.077","article-title":"Eco-friendly synthesis and morphology-dependent superior electrocatalytic properties of CuS nanostructures","volume":"246","author":"Venkadesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"076102","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/26\/7\/076102","article-title":"Laser-induced fabrication of highly branched CuS nanocrystals with excellent near-infrared absorption properties","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Phys. B"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.03.054","article-title":"Assessing the chemical state of chemically deposited copper sulfide: A quantitative analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectra of the amorphous-to-covellite transition phases","volume":"481","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900166","article-title":"Evolution of electrical, chemical, and structural properties of transparent and conducting chemically derived graphene thin films","volume":"19","author":"Mattevi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2013.07.095","article-title":"Hair fiber as a precursor for synthesizing of sulfur- and nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots with tunable luminescence properties","volume":"64","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2017.02.060","article-title":"Ultrasensitive and simultaneous detection of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol based on the electrochemical co-reduction prepared Au-Pd nanoflower\/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite","volume":"231","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.10.051","article-title":"Simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone, catechol and resorcinol at Nafion\/multi-walled carbon nanotubes\/carbon dots\/multiwalledcarbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode","volume":"149","author":"Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2014.12.156","article-title":"Boron-doped graphene as high-performance electrocatalyst for the simultaneously electrochemical determination of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"156","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-017-2538-z","article-title":"Amperometric determination of hydroquinone and catechol using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a porous carbon material doped with an iron species","volume":"185","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2016.02.174","article-title":"GC electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and NiO for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"196","author":"Goulart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.033","article-title":"A graphene oxide-mesoporous MnO2 nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode as a novel and efficient voltammetric sensor for simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol","volume":"177","author":"Gan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuat. B Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-016-1973-6","article-title":"A glassy carbon electrode modified with carbon nano-fragments and bismuth oxide for electrochemical analysis of trace catechol in the presence of high concentrations of hydroquinone","volume":"183","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/10\/2289\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T12:53:12Z","timestamp":1760187192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/10\/2289"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["s19102289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19102289","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]]}}}