{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:17:14Z","timestamp":1761581834975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1558483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funding for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China","award":["18D110408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18D110408"]}]},{"name":"the Special Project Funding for the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Civil-Military Inosculation Project \u201cBig Data Management System of UAVs\u201d","award":["JMRH-2018-1042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JMRH-2018-1042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Correlation filter-based methods have recently performed remarkably well in terms of accuracy and speed in the visual object tracking research field. However, most existing correlation filter-based methods are not robust to significant appearance changes in the target, especially when the target undergoes deformation, illumination variation, and rotation. In this paper, a novel parallel correlation filters (PCF) framework is proposed for real-time visual object tracking. Firstly, the proposed method constructs two parallel correlation filters, one for tracking the appearance changes in the target, and the other for tracking the translation of the target. Secondly, through weighted merging the response maps of these two parallel correlation filters, the proposed method accurately locates the center position of the target. Finally, in the training stage, a new reasonable distribution of the correlation output is proposed to replace the original Gaussian distribution to train more accurate correlation filters, which can prevent the model from drifting to achieve excellent tracking performance. The extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the common object tracking benchmarks OTB-2013 and OTB-2015 have demonstrated that the proposed PCF tracker outperforms most of the state-of-the-art trackers and achieves a high real-time tracking performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T02:22:00Z","timestamp":1558664520000},"page":"2362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Parallel Correlation Filters for Real-Time Visual Tracking"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yijin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile &amp; Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, DongHua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile &amp; Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, DongHua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3012-8497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Demin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile &amp; Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, DongHua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Digitized Textile &amp; Fashion Technology, Ministry of Education, DongHua University, Shanghai 201620, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.239","article-title":"Tracking-Learning-Detection","volume":"34","author":"Kalal","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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