{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T11:16:21Z","timestamp":1761218181483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2015CB351900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015CB351900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11772030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11772030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Opening fund of State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures","award":["SV2018-KF-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SV2018-KF-13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidermal electronic sensors (EESs) possess great advantages in the real-time and enduring monitoring of human vital information compared to the traditional medical device for intimately making contact with human skin. Skin strain is a significant and effective routine to monitor motion, heart rate, wrist pulse, and skin growth in wound healing. In this paper, a novel skin sensor combined with a ternary conductive nanocomposite (Carbon black (CB)\/Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)\/Silbione) and a two-stage serpentine connector is designed and fabricated to monitor skin strain. The ultrasoft (~2 kPa) and adhesive properties of the ternary conductive nanocomposite ensure the capacity of the EES to intimately couple with human skin in order to improve accuracy with a relative error of 3.39% at strain 50% as well as a large strain range (0~50%) and gauge factor (GF ~2.5). The millimeter scale EES (~5 mm \u00d7 1 mm \u00d7 100 \u03bcm), based on the micro-nano fabrication technique, consisted of a two-stage serpentine connector and screen print of the ternary conductive nanocomposite. EESs with high comprehensive performance (electrical and mechanical properties) are fabricated to confirm the analytical results and monitor the motion of a human hand. The good agreement between experimental and analytical results paves the way for bettering monitoring of skin growth during wound healing in order to avoid necrosis and scarring. This EES in monitoring the motion of a human exhibit presents a promising application for assisting prosthetic movement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T11:31:28Z","timestamp":1559129488000},"page":"2442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ultrasoft, Adhesive and Millimeter Scale Epidermis Electronic Sensor for Real-Time Enduringly Monitoring Skin Strain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jianpeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9865-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuhang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University (BUAA), Ningbo 315832, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6426-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yufeng","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing 100191, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206157","article-title":"Epidermal electronics","volume":"333","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.6b00250","article-title":"Wearable chemical sensors: Present challenges and future prospects","volume":"1","author":"Bandodkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201400537","article-title":"Tattoo-based wearable electrochemical devices: A review","volume":"27","author":"Bandodkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4338","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504244","article-title":"Flexible and stretchable physical sensor integrated platforms for wearable human-activity monitoring and personal healthcare","volume":"28","author":"Trung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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