{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:49:01Z","timestamp":1773287341499,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disease. One of the most characteristic symptoms of PD is resting tremor. Local Field Potentials (LFPs) have been widely studied to investigate deviations from the typical patterns of healthy brain activity. However, the inherent dynamics of the Sub-Thalamic Nucleus (STN) LFPs and their spatiotemporal dynamics have not been well characterized. In this work, we study the non-linear dynamical behaviour of STN-LFPs of Parkinsonian patients using \u03b5 -recurrence networks. RNs are a non-linear analysis tool that encodes the geometric information of the underlying system, which can be characterised (for example, using graph theoretical measures) to extract information on the geometric properties of the attractor. Results show that the activity of the STN becomes more non-linear during the tremor episodes and that \u03b5 -recurrence network analysis is a suitable method to distinguish the transitions between movement conditions, anticipating the onset of the tremor, with the potential for application in a demand-driven deep brain stimulation system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19112507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]],"date-time":"2019-05-31T11:59:56Z","timestamp":1559303996000},"page":"2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Non-Linear Dynamical Analysis of Resting Tremor for Demand-Driven Deep Brain Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2728-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Camara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Carlos III University of Madrid, 28903 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Narayan P.","family":"Subramaniyam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3722-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Warwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vice Chancellors Office, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0130-0801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Parkkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Tipu","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Pereda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Laboratory of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3299","article-title":"The parkinson pandemic\u2013A call to action","volume":"75","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1831","article-title":"Genetics of parkinson disease: paradigm shifts and future prospects","volume":"7","author":"Farrer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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