{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:27:49Z","timestamp":1769840869507,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272356870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272356870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breath gas analysis is a promising tool for medical research and diagnosis. A particularly powerful technological approach is millimeter-wave\/terahertz (mmW\/THz) spectroscopy, because it is a very sensitive and highly selective technique. In addition, it offers the potential for compact and affordable sensing systems for wide use. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of a mmW\/THz spectrometer for breath analysis. Samples from three volunteers and a sample from ambient air were analyzed with respect to 31 different molecular species. High-resolution absorption spectra were measured by scanning two absorption lines from each species. Out of the 31, a total of 21 species were detected. The results demonstrate the potential of mmW\/THz spectroscopy for breath analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]],"date-time":"2019-06-17T11:24:45Z","timestamp":1560770685000},"page":"2719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Analysis of Human Breath by Millimeter-Wave\/Terahertz Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nick","family":"Rothbart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg\/35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rembert","family":"Koczulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35043 Marburg\/35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Institute for Internal Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Sch\u00f6n Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Department for Pulmonology, Teaching Hospital of the Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Teaching Department of the Paracelsus University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Schmalz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IHP\u2014Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr innovative Mikroelektronik, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinz-Wilhelm","family":"H\u00fcbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0792-74","article-title":"Breath tests in medicine","volume":"267","author":"Phillips","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sci. 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