{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:00Z","timestamp":1760240460283,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing","award":["CXTDG201602013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTDG201602013"]}]},{"name":"the Technology Innovation Project of Chongqing Social Undertakings and People\u2019s Livelihood","award":["CSTC2016SHMSZX30026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTC2016SHMSZX30026"]}]},{"name":"the Urumqi Science and Technology Plan","award":["Y161320008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y161320008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prestress detection of structures has been puzzling structural engineers for a long time. The inductance\u2013capacitance (LC) electromagnetic oscillation method has shown a potential solution to this problem. It connects the two ends of a steel strand, which is simulated as an inductor, to the oscillation circuit, and the stress of the steel strand can be calculated by measuring the oscillation frequency of the circuit through a frequency meter. In the previous studies, the authors found that stress-frequency relation of 1.2 m steel strand was negatively correlated, while the stress-frequency of 10 m steel strand was positively correlated. To verify this conflict, two kinds of electrical inductance models of steel strands were established to fit the lengths. With the models, the stress-frequency relations of steel strands with different lengths were analyzed. After that, two kinds of experimental platforms were set up, and a series of stress-frequency relationship tests were carried out with 1.2 m, 5 m, 10 m and 15 m steel strands. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that when the length is less than 2.013 m, the stress and oscillation frequencies are negatively correlated; when length is more than 2.199 m, the stress and oscillation frequencies are positively correlated; while when length is between 2.013 m and 2.199 m, the stress-frequency relationship is in transit from negative correlation to positive correlation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1561118071000},"page":"2782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Length Effect on the Stress Detection of Prestressed Steel Strands Based on Electromagnetic Oscillation Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Benniu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Telecommunication Polytechnic College, Chongqing 402247, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"6905073","article-title":"Numerical and experimental identification of seven-wire strand tensions using scale energy entropy spectra of ultrasonic guided waves","volume":"2018","author":"Qian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shock Vib."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.37544\/0005-6650-2017-11-60","article-title":"Monitoring of shear tests on prestressed concrete continuous beams using ultrasound and coda wave interferometry","volume":"92","author":"Niederleithinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bauingenieur"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1784\/insi.2017.59.1.17","article-title":"Design of a miniaturised ultrasonic guided wave inspection instrument for steel strand flaw detection","volume":"59","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insight"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2012.05.003","article-title":"Detecting broken-wire flaws at multiple locations in the same wire of prestressing strands using guided waves","volume":"53","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2014.11.011","article-title":"Reference-free corrosion damage diagnosis in steel strands using guided ultrasonic waves","volume":"57","author":"Farhidzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2008.07.009","article-title":"Guided ultrasonic waves for non-destructive monitoring of the stress levels in prestressed steel strands","volume":"49","author":"Chaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11340-006-7248-0","article-title":"Ultrasonic wave propagation in progressively loaded multi-wire strands","volume":"46","author":"Rizzo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. 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