{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:41:10Z","timestamp":1760240470525,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,22]],"date-time":"2019-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003542","name":"Ministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZAFH MikroSens"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZAFH MikroSens"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasing number of radar sensors in commercial and industrial products leads to a growing demand for system functionality tests. Conventional test procedures require expensive anechoic chambers to provide a defined test environment for radar sensors. In this paper, a compact and low cost dielectric waveguide radar target generator for level probing radars is presented. The radar target generator principle is based on a long dielectric waveguide as a one-target scenery. By manipulating the field distribution of the waveguide, a specific reflection of a radar target is generated. Two realistic scenarios for a tank level probing radar are investigated and suitable targets are designed with full wave simulations. Target distances from 13 cm to at least 9 m are realized with an extruded dielectric waveguide with dielectric losses of 2 dB\/m at 160 GHz. Low loss (0.5 dB) and low reflection holders are used to fix the waveguide. Due to the dispersion of the dielectric waveguide, a detailed analysis of its impact on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars is given and compared to free-space propagation. The functionality of the radar target generator is verified with a 160-GHz FMCW radar prototype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,24]],"date-time":"2019-06-24T02:37:40Z","timestamp":1561343860000},"page":"2801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Wideband Dielectric Waveguide-Based 160-GHz Radar Target Generator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7502-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Geiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endress + Hauser GmbH + Co. 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Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014), The Hague, The Netherlands.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuCAP.2014.6901858"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1109\/TTHZ.2016.2602539","article-title":"A 210\u2013270-GHz Circularly Polarized FMCW Radar With a Single-Lens-Coupled SiGe HBT Chip","volume":"6","author":"Grzyb","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1109\/TMTT.2017.2653111","article-title":"Ultracompact 160-GHz FMCW Radar MMIC With Fully Integrated Offset Synthesizer","volume":"5","author":"Hitzler","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Microw. 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