{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:45:39Z","timestamp":1774349139658,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHN 716\/13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHN 716\/13-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nieders\u00e4chsisches Vorab","award":["NL \u2013 4 Project \u201dQUANOMET\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NL \u2013 4 Project \u201dQUANOMET\u201d"]}]},{"name":"Iraqi Ministry of Oil","award":["State Company for Oil Projects (SCOP)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["State Company for Oil Projects (SCOP)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, we demonstrate the noise reduction and signal to noise ratio (SNR) enhancement in Brillouin optical time-domain analyzers (BOTDA). The results show that, although the main noise contribution comes from the Brillouin interaction itself, a simple low pass filtering on the detected radio frequency (RF) signal reduces remarkably the noise level of the BOTDA traces. The corresponding SNR enhancement depends on the employed cut-off frequency of the low pass filter. Due to the enhancement of the SNR, a mitigation of the standard deviation error of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) has been demonstrated. However, RF filters with low cut-off frequency could lead to distortions on the trace signals and therefore detection errors on a non-uniform BFS. The trade-off between the noise reduction and the signal distortion as well as an optimal cut-off frequency are discussed in detail.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1561720826000},"page":"2878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Measurement Accuracy Enhancement via Radio Frequency Filtering in Distributed Brillouin Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2562-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"THz Photonics Group, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t BraunschweigSchleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3300-2312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Preussler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"THz Photonics Group, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t BraunschweigSchleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4204-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaffar","family":"Emad Kadum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"THz Photonics Group, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t BraunschweigSchleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6853-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"THz Photonics Group, Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universit\u00e4t BraunschweigSchleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/204121","article-title":"Brillouin Distributed Fiber Sensors: An Overview and Applications","volume":"2012","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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