{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T16:27:00Z","timestamp":1781368020586,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001520","name":"New Zealand Aid Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Granted 2016-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Granted 2016-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001520","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Faculty for the future programme- Schlumberger Foundation","award":["granted 2017-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["granted 2017-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a survey of recent developments using Doppler radar sensor in searching and locating an alive person under debris or behind a wall. Locating a human and detecting the vital signs such as breathing rate and heartbeat using a microwave sensor is a non-invasive technique. Recently, many hardware structures, signal processing approaches, and integrated systems have been introduced by researchers in this field. The purpose is to enhance the accuracy of vital signs\u2019 detection and location detection and reduce energy consumption. This work concentrates on the representative research on sensing systems that can find alive people under rubble when an earthquake or other disasters occur. In this paper, various operating principles and system architectures for finding survivors using the microwave radar sensors are reviewed. A comparison between these systems is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T11:20:26Z","timestamp":1561720826000},"page":"2879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Review-Microwave Radar Sensing Systems for Search and Rescue Purposes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-0230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen","family":"Thi Phuoc Van","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SFAT., Massey University, Manawatu Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"},{"name":"Electronics Faculty, Hanoi University of Industry, Number 298, Cau Dien Street, Bac Tu Liem District, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SFAT., Massey University, Manawatu Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veysel","family":"Demir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2854, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Faraz","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, SFAT., Massey University, Manawatu Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Duc Minh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Telecommunications, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhas","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, MQ Centre for Smart Green Cities, Macquarie University, New South Wales, NSW 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.2250130610","article-title":"Microwave sensing of physiological movement and volume change: A review","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)90274-1","article-title":"Contactless apnea detector based on radar","volume":"298","author":"Caro","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02478126","article-title":"Contactless respiration monitoring of infants","volume":"14","author":"Franks","year":"1976","journal-title":"Med. 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