{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:14:06Z","timestamp":1780391646670,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs","award":["2018ZJUGP001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZJUGP001"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Guangdong Province Support Plans for Top-Notch Youth Talents, China","award":["2016TQ03N704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016TQ03N704"]}]},{"name":"the Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2016B020202008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016B020202008"]}]},{"name":"the Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2017B010117012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017B010117012"]}]},{"name":"the Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou, China","award":["201704020076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704020076"]}]},{"name":"the Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou, China","award":["201904010206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201904010206"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China","award":["2016A030310235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A030310235"]}]},{"name":"the Innovative Project for University of Guangdong Province","award":["2017KTSCX099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017KTSCX099"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The maturity stage of bananas has a considerable influence on the fruit postharvest quality and the shelf life. In this study, an optical imaging based method was formulated to assess the importance of different external properties on the identification of four successive banana maturity stages. External optical properties, including the peel color and the local textural and local shape information, were extracted from the stalk, middle and tip of the bananas. Specifically, the peel color attributes were calculated from individual channels in the hue-saturation-value (HSV), the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L*a*b* and the CIE L*ch color spaces; the textural information was encoded using a local binary pattern with uniform patterns (UP-LBP); and the local shape features were described by histogram of oriented gradients (HOG). Three classifiers based on the na\u00efve Bayes (NB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were adopted to evaluate the performance of identifying banana fruit maturity stages using the different optical appearance features. The experimental results demonstrate that overall identification accuracies of 99.2%, 100% and 99.2% were achieved using color appearance features with the NB, LDA and SVM classifiers, respectively; overall accuracies of 92.6%, 86.8% and 93.4% were obtained using local textural features for the three classifiers, respectively; and overall accuracies of only 84.3%, 83.5% and 82.6% were obtained using local shape features with the three classifiers, respectively. Compared to the complicated calculation of both the local textural and local shape properties, the simplicity and high accuracy of the peel color property make it more appropriate for identifying banana fruit maturity stages using optical imaging techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T03:23:59Z","timestamp":1561951439000},"page":"2910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Assessment of External Properties for Identifying Banana Fruit Maturity Stages Using Optical Imaging Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiwei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-013-1188-3","article-title":"Assessment of banana fruit maturity by image processing technique","volume":"52","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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