{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:08:57Z","timestamp":1783436937268,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51673214;61804185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51673214;61804185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are crucial for determining the health status of the human heart. A clean ECG signal is critical in analysis and diagnosis of heart diseases. However, ECG signals are often contaminated by motion artifact noise in the non-contact ECG monitoring systems. In this paper, an ECG motion artifact removal approach based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and wavelet thresholding (WT) is proposed. This method consists of five steps, namely, spectrum preprocessing, spectrum segmentation, EWT decomposition, wavelet threshold denoising, and EWT reconstruction. The proposed approach was used to process real ECG signals collected by the non-contact ECG monitoring equipment. The results of quantitative study and analysis indicate that this approach produces a better performance in terms of restorage of QRS complexes of the original ECG with reduced distortion, retaining useful information in ECG signals, and improvement of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) value of the signal. The output results of the practical ECG signal test show that motion artifact in the real recorded ECG is effectively filtered out. The proposed method is feasible for reducing motion artifacts from ECG signals, whether from simulation ECG signals or practical non-contact ECG monitoring systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T10:54:47Z","timestamp":1561978487000},"page":"2916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Adaptive Motion Artifact Reduction Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Thresholding for the Non-Contact ECG Monitoring Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14732","DOI":"10.3390\/s140814732","article-title":"Flexible capacitive electrodes for minimizing motion artifacts in ambulatory electrocardiograms","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.6.570","article-title":"Prognostic value of ECG findings for total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease death in men and women","volume":"80","author":"Kornitzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2014.2359053","article-title":"Noncontact ECG recording system with real time capacitance measurement for motion artifact reduction","volume":"8","author":"Torfs","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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