{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:50:15Z","timestamp":1767829815000,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016M601788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016M601788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Detecting xylene gas is an important means of avoiding human harm from gas poisoning. A precise measurement demands that the gas sensor used must have high sensitivity, high selectivity, and low working temperature. To meet these requirements, in this study, Sn2+-doped NiO flower-like microspheres (SNM) with different amounts of Sn2+ synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal process were investigated. The responses of gas sensors based on different Sn2+-doped NiO materials for various targeting gases were fully characterized. It was found that all of the synthesized materials exhibited the best gas response at a working temperature of 180 degrees, which was much lower than the previously reported working temperature range of 300\u2013500 degrees. When exposed to 10 ppm xylene, the 8 at% Sn2+-doped NiO sensor (mol ratio) exhibited the highest response, with a value of 30 (Rg\/Ra). More significantly, the detection limit of the 8 at% Sn2+-doped NiO sensor for xylene is down in the ppb level. The Sn2+-doped NiO material also exhibits excellent selectivity for other gases with long-term stability and repeatability. The significant improvement in the response to xylene can theoretically be attributed to a decrease in the intrinsic hole carrier concentration, higher amounts of adsorbed oxygen and active sites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]],"date-time":"2019-07-04T11:13:18Z","timestamp":1562238798000},"page":"2958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Highly Selective, ppb-Level Xylene Gas Detection by Sn2+-Doped NiO Flower-Like Microspheres Prepared by a One-Step Hydrothermal Method"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shaohe","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8315-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering and Research Center for Sensor Science and Technology, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, No. 1 Daxue Rd, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renbing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, No. 1 Daxue Rd, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjie","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering &amp; Intelligentization, Dongguan University of Technology, No. 1 Daxue Rd, Dongguan 523808, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yewei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suishi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beiliang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Information Center, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 XinMofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering and Research Center for Sensor Science and Technology, Hefei University of Technology, No. 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6138","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC01402G","article-title":"Facile lotus-leaf-templated synthesis and enhanced xylene gas sensing properties of Ag-LaFeO3 nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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