{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:07:24Z","timestamp":1782486444057,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010014","name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JXQC-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JXQC-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201706425041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201706425041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51675518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51675518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computer simulation is an effective means for the research of robot navigation algorithms. In order to implement real-time, three-dimensional, and visual navigation algorithm simulation, a method of algorithm simulation based on secondary development of Unity3D is proposed. With this method, a virtual robot prototype can be created quickly with the imported 3D robot model, virtual joints, and virtual sensors, and then the navigation simulation can be carried out using the virtual prototype with the algorithm script in the virtual environment. Firstly, the scripts of the virtual revolute joint, virtual LiDAR sensors, and terrain environment are written. Secondly, the A* algorithm is improved for navigation in unknown 3D space. Thirdly, taking the Mecanum wheel mobile robot as an example, the 3D robot model is imported into Unity3D, and the virtual joint, sensor, and navigation algorithm scripts are added to the model. Then, the navigation is simulated in static and dynamic environments using a virtual prototype. Finally, the navigation tests of the physical robot are carried out in the physical environment, and the test trajectory is compared with the simulation trajectory. The simulation and test results validate the algorithm simulation method based on the redevelopment of Unity3d, showing that it is feasible, efficient, and flexible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]],"date-time":"2019-07-05T11:44:16Z","timestamp":1562327056000},"page":"2976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Navigation Simulation of a Mecanum Wheel Mobile Robot Based on an Improved A* Algorithm in Unity3D"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yunwang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumei","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lala","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sariff, N., and Buniyamin, N. 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