{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T14:47:57Z","timestamp":1773154077459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61471258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61471258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science &amp; Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality","award":["KQJSCX20170328153625183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KQJSCX20170328153625183"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to minimize the number of evaluations of high-fidelity (\u201cfine\u201d) model in the optimization process, to increase the optimization speed, and to improve optimal solution accuracy, a robust and computational-efficient multi-fidelity local surrogate-model optimization method is proposed. Based on the principle of response surface approximation, the proposed method exploits the multi-fidelity coarse models and polynomial interpolation to construct a series of local surrogate models. In the optimization process, local region modeling and optimization are performed iteratively. A judgment factor is introduced to provide information for local region size update. The last local surrogate model is refined by space mapping techniques to obtain the optimal design with high accuracy. The operation and efficiency of the approach are demonstrated through design of a bandpass filter and a compact ultra-wide-band (UWB) multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) antenna. The response of the optimized design of the fine model meet the design specification. The proposed method not only has better convergence compared to an existing local surrogate method, but also reduces the computational cost substantially.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19133023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1562727926000},"page":"3023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Multi-Fidelity Local Surrogate Model for Computationally Efficient Microwave Component Design Optimization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yiran","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingsha S.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9063-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Koziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2801870","article-title":"Transceiver design of optimum wirelessly powered full-duplex MIMO IoT devices","volume":"66","author":"Xue","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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