{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1761897075007,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inevitable revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its benefits can be witnessed everywhere. Two major issues related to IoT are the interoperability and the identification of trustworthy things. The proposed Context-Aware Trustworthy Social Web of Things System (CATSWoTS) addresses the interoperability issue by incorporating web technologies including Service Oriented Architecture where each thing plays the role of a service provider as well as a role of service consumer. The aspect of social web helps in getting recommendations from social relations. It was identified that the context dependency of trust along with Quality of Service (QoS) criteria, for identifying and recommending trustworthy Web of Things (WoT), require more attention. For this purpose, the parameters of context awareness and the constraints of QoS are considered. The research focuses on the idea of a user-centric system where the profiles of each thing (level of trustworthiness) are being maintained at a centralized level and at a distributed level as well. The CATSWoTS evaluates service providers based on the mentioned parameters and the constraints and then identifies a suitable service provider. For this, a rule-based collaborative filtering approach is used. The efficacy of CATSWoTS is evaluated with a specifically designed environment using a real QoS data set. The results showed that the proposed novel technique fills the gap present in the state of the art. It performed well by dynamically identifying and recommending trustworthy services as per the requirements of a service seeker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T11:49:38Z","timestamp":1562932178000},"page":"3076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["CATSWoTS: Context Aware Trustworthy Social Web of Things System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4832-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabeen","family":"Javaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9583-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammad","family":"Afzal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fahim","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naima","family":"Iltaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haider","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3616-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Software Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2015.2420552","article-title":"Trust-based service management for social internet of things systems","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamilaris, A. (2013). Enabling Smart Homes Using Web Technologies. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cyprus].","DOI":"10.3233\/AIS-130201"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2014.2365797","article-title":"Trust management for soa-based iot and its application to service composition","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.08.028","article-title":"Making system of systems interoperable\u2014The core components of the arrowhead framework","volume":"81","author":"Varga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2013.042313.00197","article-title":"Context aware computing for the internet of things: A survey","volume":"16","author":"Perera","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.010","article-title":"The internet of things: A survey","volume":"54","author":"Atzori","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.07.010","article-title":"The social internet of things (siot)\u2013when social networks meet the internet of things: Concept, architecture and network characterization","volume":"56","author":"Atzori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"147","article-title":"A framework for realizing universal standardization for internet of things","volume":"2","author":"Usman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ind. Intell. Inf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guinard, D., Trifa, V., Mattern, F., and Wilde, E. (2011). From the internet of things to the web of things: Resource-oriented architecture and best practices. Architecting the Internet of Things, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19157-2_5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6710070","article-title":"\u201cFrom\u201d smart objects to social objects: The next evolutionary step of the internet of things","volume":"52","author":"Atzori","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSWIS.2018100108","article-title":"Using semantic web for internet of things interoperability: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Novak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Semant. Web Inf. Syst. (IJSWIS)"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"124","article-title":"An approach for secure semantic data integration at data as a service (daas) layer","volume":"5","author":"Aftab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Javaid, S., Majeed, A., and Afzal, H. (2013, January 27\u201330). A reputation management system for efficient selection of disaster management team. Proceedings of the 2013 15th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT), PyeongChang, Korea."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2016.10.012","article-title":"A survey of trust computation models for service management in internet of things systems","volume":"97","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2864168","article-title":"Privacy in internet of things: from principles to technologies","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sato, H., Kanai, A., Tanimoto, S., and Kobayashi, T. (April, January 29). Establishing trust in the emerging era of iot. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), Oxford, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/SOSE.2016.50"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, F., and Chen, I.-R. (2012, January 17). Dynamic trust management for internet of things applications. Proceedings of the 2012 International Workshop on Self-Aware Internet of Things, San Jose, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2378023.2378025"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4236\/ait.2012.21001","article-title":"Cyber-physical-social based security architecture for future internet of things","volume":"2","author":"Ning","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Internet Things"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.12.018","article-title":"On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things","volume":"57","author":"Roman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2013.05.003","article-title":"Dtls based security and two-way authentication for the internet of things","volume":"11","author":"Kothmayr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3103\/S0146411618030070","article-title":"Qos-based concurrent user-service grouping for web service recommendation","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autom. Control Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2013.09.001","article-title":"Trust management system design for the internet of things: A context-aware and multi-service approach","volume":"39","author":"Saied","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perera, C., Zaslavsky, A., Christen, P., and Georgakopoulos, D. (2012, January 20\u201323). Ca4iot: Context awareness for internet of things. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom), Besancon, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/GreenCom.2012.128"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.12.038","article-title":"Adaptive and context-aware service composition for iot-based smart cities","volume":"76","author":"Urbieta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-016-2183-1","article-title":"Developing a trust model for pervasive computing based on apriori association rules learning and bayesian classification","volume":"21","author":"Rampone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-013-0241-5","article-title":"Social context-aware trust inference for trust enhancement in social network based recommendations on service providers","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Wide Web"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2015.2388581","article-title":"A context-aware trust-based information dissemination framework for vehicular networks","volume":"2","author":"Rostamzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J.-W., Fournier-Viger, P., Wu, L., Gan, W., Djenouri, Y., and Zhang, J. (2018, January 17\u201320). Ppsf: An open-source privacy-preserving and security mining framework. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), Singapore.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2018.00208"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Meo, P., Messina, F., Postorino, M., Rosaci, D., and Sarn\u00e9, G. (2017, January 16\u201318). A reputation framework to share resources into iot-based environments. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 14th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC), Calabria, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNSC.2017.8000145"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafey, S., Abdel-Hamid, A., and El-Nasr, M. (2016, January 11\u201313). Cbstm-iot: Context-based social trust model for the internet of things. Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile & Wireless Networking (MoWNeT), Cairo, Egypt.","DOI":"10.1109\/MoWNet.2016.7496623"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-015-1705-6","article-title":"Taciot: Multidimensional trust-aware access control system for the internet of things","volume":"20","author":"Bernabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2847733","article-title":"The effect of iot new features on security and privacy: New threats, existing solutions, and challenges yet to be solved","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25359","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2899831","article-title":"A sanitization approach to secure shared data in an iot environment","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J.-W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, B., Fournier-Viger, P., and Djenouri, Y. (2019). Hiding sensitive itemsets with multiple objective optimization. Soft Computing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03829-3"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2767291","article-title":"Evaluating critical security issues of the iot world: Present and future challenges","volume":"5","author":"Frustaci","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rangarajan, S. (2018). Qos-Based Web Service Discovery and Selection Using Machine Learning. arXiv.","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.29-5-2018.154809"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"285","article-title":"Dynamic web services composition using optimization approach","volume":"6","author":"Modi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Al-Masri, E., and Mahmoud, Q.H. (2018, November 12). The Qws Dataset. Available online: http:\/\/www.uoguelph.ca\/~qmahmoud\/qws\/dataset\/."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19616","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2897095","article-title":"ARCA-IoT: An Attack-Resilient Cloud-Assisted IoT System","volume":"7","author":"Javaid","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/14\/3076\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:04:51Z","timestamp":1760187891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/19\/14\/3076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s19143076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19143076","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1424-8220"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]}}}