{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:52:22Z","timestamp":1762005142935,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca - Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda de la Regi\u00f3n de Murcia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Jim\u00e9nez de la Espada Mobility Grant 20619\/EE\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Jim\u00e9nez de la Espada Mobility Grant 20619\/EE\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Comission, H2020 FP","award":["5G-MOBIX (Grant No. 825496)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5G-MOBIX (Grant No. 825496)"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["PERSEIDES (Grant No. TIN2017-86885-R)","Ramon y Cajal Program (Grant No. RYC-2017-23823)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERSEIDES (Grant No. TIN2017-86885-R)","Ramon y Cajal Program (Grant No. RYC-2017-23823)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005142","name":"BBVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a hot research niche exploiting the synergy between Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) and the Internet of Things (IoT), which can greatly benefit of the upcoming development of 5G technologies. The variety of end-devices, applications, and Radio Access Technologies (RATs) in IoV calls for new networking schemes that assure the Quality of Service (QoS) demanded by the users. To this end, network slicing techniques enable traffic differentiation with the aim of ensuring flow isolation, resource assignment, and network scalability. This work fills the gap of 5G network slicing for IoV and validates it in a realistic vehicular scenario. It offers an accurate bandwidth control with a full flow-isolation, which is essential for vehicular critical systems. The development is based on a distributed Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) architecture, which provides flexibility for the dynamic placement of the Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) in charge of managing network traffic. The solution is able to integrate heterogeneous radio technologies such as cellular networks and specific IoT communications with potential in the vehicular sector, creating isolated network slices without risking the Core Network (CN) scalability. The validation results demonstrate the framework capabilities of short and predictable slice-creation time, performance\/QoS assurance and service scalability of up to one million connected devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T04:55:27Z","timestamp":1563166527000},"page":"3107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Empowering the Internet of Vehicles with Multi-RAT 5G Network Slicing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0069-3017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Sanchez-Iborra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9224-7112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Santa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Computer Technology and Projects, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9429-8634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Gallego-Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Covaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Generation Networks (AV), Department of Telecommunication Systems, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5525-1259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Skarmeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katsaros, K., and Dianati, M. 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