{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:13:38Z","timestamp":1769760818912,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]],"date-time":"2019-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001810","name":"Research Promotion Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RePULSE (CONCEPT\/0617\/0065)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RePULSE (CONCEPT\/0617\/0065)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Planning and deploying a functional large scale Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) or a Network of Internet of Things (IoTs) is a challenging task, especially in complex urban environments. A main network design bottleneck is the existence and\/or correct usage of appropriate cross layer simulators that can generate realistic results for the scenario of interest. Existing network simulators tend to overlook the complexity of the physical radio propagation layer and consequently do not realistically simulate the main radio propagation conditions that take place in urban or suburban environments, thus passing inaccurate results between Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layers. This work demonstrates through simulations and measurements that, by correctly passing physical information to higher layers, the overall simulation process produces more accurate results at the network layer. It is demonstrated that the resulting simulation methodology can be utilized to accomplish realistic wireless planning and performance analysis of the deployed nodes, with results that are very close to those of real test-beds, or actual WSN deployments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]],"date-time":"2019-07-25T05:37:41Z","timestamp":1564033061000},"page":"3264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["On the Realistic Radio and Network Planning of IoT Sensor Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Loizos","family":"Kanaris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1259-9893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charalampos","family":"Sergiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akis","family":"Kokkinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aris","family":"Pafitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Sigint Solutions Ltd., 2311 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Stavrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, 2220 Nicosia, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raspopoulos, M., Laoudias, C., Kanaris, L., Kokkinis, A., Panayiotou, C., and Stavrou, S. 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